Abstract

Uganda continues to face significant food insecurity despite its fertile land and strong agricultural potential. Smallholder, rain-fed farming dominates, but low productivity, limited access to improved seeds and fertilizers, post-harvest losses, and land fragmentation constrain food availability. Regions such as Karamoja, Northern Uganda, and parts of the East are most vulnerable, with climate variability, pests, and refugee influxes further exacerbating food stress. Food insecurity contributes to poor nutrition, including stunting, anemia, and micronutrient deficiencies among children and women.

Sustainability initiatives, including the Uganda Climate-Smart Agricultural Transformation Project (UCSATP) and humanitarian programs by the World Food Programme, aim to improve productivity, resilience, and nutrition outcomes. Emerging technologies like IoT-enabled smart farming and anticipatory humanitarian action show promise, but funding gaps, limited extension services, and challenges in scaling innovations remain key obstacles. Targeted, coordinated interventions are critical to ensure long-term food security and resilience in Uganda.

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