Abstract

Entrepreneurial STEM Education has emerged over the past decade as a dynamic interdisciplinary approach that integrates entrepreneurship education with science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning. This article presents a comprehensive scoping review of literature from 2010 to 2025 to map the conceptual foundations, pedagogical models, practical implementations, and future possibilities of Entrepreneurial STEM Education worldwide. The review first clarifies key definitions – positioning Entrepreneurial STEM Education as a fusion of STEM knowledge with entrepreneurial mindsets aimed at fostering innovation and value creation. It then synthesizes pedagogical approaches across primary, secondary, and higher education contexts, highlighting student-centered and experiential strategies (e.g., project-based learning, design thinking, inquiry) that cultivate entrepreneurial competencies alongside STEM skills. Practical examples from diverse international settings illustrate how entrepreneurial STEM programs have been implemented in classrooms, extracurricular initiatives, and teacher education, with evidence of positive impacts on student creativity, problem-solving, and career intentions. Emerging trends – including the integration of sustainability and social entrepreneurship in STEM curricula, the expansion of maker spaces and incubator programs, and increased emphasis on teacher training and policy support – are identified as promising directions. The article concludes by outlining future research needs and innovation opportunities to advance the field. By mapping this landscape, the review provides scholars, educators, and policymakers with a structured understanding of Entrepreneurial STEM Education’s current state and its potential to empower learners as innovative thinkers and entrepreneurs in an evolving global economy.

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