Abstract

The article deals with the meanings of the English preposition “by” in the IX-XIX centuries and their Azerbaijani equivalents. During that period the preposition “by” had more than 10 variants of writing.

From the IX to the XIX centuries the preposition “by” was used in 6 main meanings: the meanings were connected with position, motion (or action), time, mental proximity, circumstances (condition, manner), medium (or means). Each of these meanings of the preposition “by” included a lot of small meanings or sub-meanings.

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