Abstract

The period from 600 BCE to 300 BCE was a pivotal era, during which various civilizations in the East and West made significant breakthroughs. In the East, the ancient Chinese sage Laozi, living in a time of moral decay and social upheaval, transcended the practical realm to recognize the intrinsic value of humanity. This led him to develop a series of doctrines on ethics and self-cultivation. In the West, the ancient Greek philosopher Socrates focused his thoughts on self-knowledge, bringing philosophy from the divine to the human realm, thus marking the beginning of Western humanistic concern. Both Laozi and Socrates introduced their respective humanistic ideas during this period, yet the origins of their thoughts differ greatly. A comparative study of Laozi and Socrates' humanistic philosophies will offer a deeper understanding of their humanistic spirit, explore the relevance of their ideas to modern society, and contribute to the inheritance of excellent traditional cultures.

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