Abstract

In a previous paper, the author of this paper presented a model in which it was proposed that the nuclei consist of clusters of ud pairs, where u and d are u quark and d quark, respectively. In this paper, the author has used the model in elucidating several phenomena, such as binding of u and d in ud by the exchange of electron-positron pairs or photons between them, energy of the exchanged photons, nature of forces between u and d, interaction of energetic photons with nuclear ud pairs, existence of nuclear quadrupole moment, creation of dark matter via simultaneous increase of h and decrease of c as the universe expands, etc.

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