Abstract

The relevance of the research topic is determined by the resurgence of fundamentalist movements in the Islamic Ummah, which causes concern among a certain part of the scientific community. For a long time the latter believed that secularism is the natural path of the evolution of society. The aim of the article is to examine the ideological processes among Muslims in the Islamic context in the Volga and Ural regions. The analysis of the available scientific literature in relation with in-depth interviews with representatives of various trends in the region has made up the methodology of the study. The research offers a brief description of the main directions of development of Islamic ideology: traditionalism, fundamentalism, jihad and others; their specific implementation is presented in intellectual development of Muslims of the Volga and Ural regions. The study of Muslim ideological trends among Tatars and Bashkirs of the Russian Federation demonstrates the similarity of processes with international Islamic movements. It is recommended to cultivate a pluralistic approach to religious beliefs and views in society, as the imposition of the only formal "correct" version of religion by state structures leads to social confrontation and then to the marginalization and radicalization of certain groups of Muslims.

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