Abstract

The paper firstly clarified the characteristic of competencies being discussed in African countries by comparing them with competencies being discussed in developed countries. It has become clear that both countries are very similar. In other words, against the background of rapidly increasing internationalization and globalization, the competencies required to live in the society of the future are the same across borders, regardless of whether in a developed country or a developing country. Secondly, using Mozambique as a case study, how the competencies are actualized and what kind of challenges they face are discussed by analyzing primary mathematics curriculum, textbooks and in classes. An emphasis was placed on the ability to use social, cultural and technological tools used in an interactive manner in the competencies that were contained in the 2015 curriculum. However, most of the contents of the new textbook focus on “basic competencies” centered on basic knowledge and skills. Furthermore, there were many classes where teachers presented questions listed in the textbook as they are. Hence, it became apparent that the nurturing of practical competencies listed in the curriculum was largely reliant on the abilities of the teacher.

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