Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N₂O) is a greenhouse gas, and agricultural landscapes are major sources of atmospheric N₂O. In this study, different types and levels of fertilization were applied to rice and wheat plants, including full crop straw, pure synthetic fertilizer and spent agro-residues from mushroom cultivation. N₂O flux measurements were performed once a week using gas static chromatography-chamber between 2008 and 2009. In order to find out the effect of MR application on N₂O emission, soil samples, environment-monitoring factors including soil moisture and temperature and biomass were also determined. Soil nitrate and ammonia were measured in soil extracts. The results showed that the total N₂O emission decreased to 19,066 kg ha^-1 in the rice stage and 45,312 kg ha^-1 in the wheat stage under the mushroom residue (MR) application. This observation indicated that MR application (22,656.40 kg for rice and 9,533.33 kg for wheat) induced a decrease of N₂O emission by 62.52% and 67.55% as compared with fertilizer and straw application, which are 6328.77±740.81^b g ha^-1, 7310.60±279.73^b g ha^-1 respectively. Therefore, MR application could be one of the most effective ways to reduce soil N₂O emissions.

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