Abstract

For commercial soybean production, the presence of phosphorus in the soil is essential, not only to increase productivity but also because it affects basic functions in plant metabolism. Phosphate fertilizers have low efficiency in Cerrado soils. For this reason, the use of technologies associated with phosphate fertilizers is important to increase their efficiency in the soil. The experiment was conducted at Fazenda Rio Brilhante in Coromandel, MG. The experiment was laid out in a randomized block design in a 4 × 4 + 1 factorial arrangement. Treatments consisted of four phosphate fertilizer sources (MAP_CONVENCIONAL, MAP_{pol 1}, MAP_{pol 2}, and FOM), four P₂O₅ doses (40, 80, 120, and 160 kg ha^-1), and the control treatment (no phosphorus application). The soybean cultivar RK8115 IPRO with a plant population of 340 thousand plants per hectare was used. The experimental plots consisted of five planting lines with a spacing of 0.5 meters and a length of 7 meters. In the experiment, phosphorus leaf, morphological evaluation of plant height, stem diameter, number of stems, and pods were measured. For plant biomass, the dry matter of leaves, stems, and pods were determined. For yield evaluation, the calculation of productivity and RAE was compared with MAP_CONVENCIONAL. For sources, data were subjected to analysis of variance, and means were separated by Tukey’s rate test (p < 0.05). For P₂O₅ doses, regression model fitting was performed using the ExpDes.pt package of R Studio software. Morphological assessments responded linearly to P doses, except for DPM. Leaves and pods P content and yield were affected by P dosage and P sources, with a quadratic response to P dosage. Maximum yield efficiency was achieved at P₂O₅ doses of 122.73; 145.07; 112.03; and 94.71 kg ha^-1, with yields of 3818.30; 4064.67; 4089.03; and 3952.63 kg ha^-1 for MAP_CONVENCIONAL, MAP_{pol 2}, MAP_{pol 1}, and FOM, respectively. However, MAP_{pol 1} and FOM provided a dose reduction of 26 and 15 compared to the maximum yield of MAP_CONVENCIONAL, respectively.

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