Abstract

This paper deals with features of labour migration in countries of the Eurasian migration subsystem. A description of migration patterns in Central Asian countries is given. The author captures the tendency of forming the Russia-Central Asia migration subsystem, which is typified by the strong flows of migration and their stable geographical focus. Socio-economic consequences of migration are shown for receiving and sending countries. Monitoring gives grounds to assert that remittances do not affect medium and long-term development of economies of donor labour countries (the effect of "short money"). A serious humanitarian aspect of the problem of labour migration is existing. The analysis of materials indicates the actual formation of a forced labour segment in certain sectors of the Russian economy. Migrant workers live in poor housing conditions; they are discriminated and receive low wages. Currently, regulation of labour migration in the group of countries occurs in isolation and often asynchronously, which leads to discord in the regulation of labour migration. Regulation of labour migration processes does not occur in a coherent manner, even in the Customs Union and the Eurasian Economic Community. Russia and Kazakhstan as the main receiving countries of cheap labour take spontaneous attempts to regulate the number and quality of workers. However, steps of receiving governments are often highly politicized and aimed at unreasonable restrictions. Labour migration must and may be one of the main means of regulating the labour market of the Eurasian Economic Community. The author proposes to apply the approach to its regulation, differentiated by sectors, to enhance the effectiveness of employment and labour migration in the EEC. The main point of the approach is to divide the policy in respect of two sectors: "tradable" and "non-tradable" goods/services. With increasing and effective use of Russian investments to build agricultural production in the major labour donor countries, we can be expect a reduction of the inflow of illegal migrants to Russia and Kazakhstan.

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