Abstract

From 1912 to 1916, China was under the control of Yuan Shikai. Because Yuan signed unequal treaties, especially his acceptance of the “Twenty-One Demands”, presented by Japan, he was considered as a betrayer of China. However, in dealing with the relationship with Japan and other foreign powers, Yuan made efforts to protest against their unreason demands and reduce losses. For the economic and military weakness of China, these unequal treaties were compromises made by Yuan’s government. Yuan Shikai’s domination should be objectively evaluated.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.