Abstract

This article offers an in-depth analysis of the Mobondo phenomenon in the Greater Bandundu region of the Democratic Republic of Congo, initially perceived as a mere intercommunal conflict opposing the Téké and Yaka communities. Through a strategic qualitative approach—combining field observations, semi-structured interviews, discourse analysis, and the use of institutional reports—the study highlights a critical evolution: Mobondo has transformed into a politically structured insurrection. The findings reveal six determining factors behind this shift: (1) intensification of attacks against state institutions, (2) catastrophic human and material toll, (3) territorial expansion across five provinces, (4) emergence of a hierarchical politico-military leadership, (5) establishment of parallel governance, and (6) ideological instrumentalization of identity-based grievances. These elements confirm, in light of existing theoretical frameworks, the rationalized insurgent nature of Mobondo—characterized by taxation, authority substitution, armed operations, and territorial control. The article argues that Mobondo constitutes a systemic threat to state sovereignty and social cohesion, and calls for a comprehensive response from the Congolese government. Among the recommendations: professionalized and depoliticized military operations, revitalization of public services, structured intercommunal dialogue, equitable land reform, and recognition of legitimate customary authorities.

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