Abstract

The regulating of a structure and a pores volume of activated carbons by mechanical, chemical and thermal activations of agricultural wastes, such as apricot kernel shells were studied. The mechanical activation was provided in the grinding mill, in the aqueous medium. The chemical activation was implemented by treatment with sulfuric, hydrochloric, phosphoric acids at the concentrations of 5%–40% and by zinc chloride at the penetration coefficients of 0.1÷0.6. The thermal activation was effected in carbon dioxide atmosphere at the temperatures of 300÷100 ^??. It was researched an influence of acid concentration, ZnCl₂ coefficient of impregnating, CO₂ temperature per volume of micro-, meso- and macropores. Activated carbons have arranged porous structures in the following line: processed by ZnCl₂ and CO₂ > processed by ZnCl₂ > processed by H₂SO₄ > processed by H₃PO₄. For the samples are treated by ZnCl₂ and subsequent CO₂, the activation optimal parameters are following: temperature of CO₂ =500 ^??; the penetration coefficient = 0.4.

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