Abstract

Nationalism in its later form became current in Europe in the aftermath of the First World War. Only after the end of the Second World War social scientists began to analyse its background and meaning more systematically leaving the nationalist dogma of Hitler, Mussolini, and Franco for a rational analysis. Ernest Gellner and Benedict Anderson from different angles brought new light in the understanding of nationalism. Fascism had tried to make nation directly linked to the state. Especially Anderson analysed nationalism as a phenomenon separate from the state. However, traces of the fascist ideology have been brought to new life in the last two decades.

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