Abstract

This study chose Porter’s (1980) conceptualization of competitive strategy, since this conceptualization is academically well accepted and internally consistent (Dess and Davis, 1984). Porter (1980) identified two generic ways in which an organization can gain sustainable competitive advantage over other firms in the industry: ‘low cost’ and ‘differentiation’. A ‘low-cost’ strategy emphasizes the need to be the low-cost producer in the industry. A ‘differentiation’ strategy is based on creating and offering a product that is perceived industry-wide as unique

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