Abstract

In this study, photocatalytic removal of methylene blue (MB) from natural seawater was examined using carbon-modified titanium oxide (CM-n-TiO₂) nanoparticles under illumination of real sunlight. CM-n-TiO₂ nanoparticles exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic degradation efficiency compared to unmodified n-TiO₂. Photocatalytic removal studies were carried out at different initial dye concentrations (5-30 µM), catalyst dose (0.5-1.5 gL^-1), and pH (3-9). The highest removal rate of MB was obtained at the optimal conditions of pH 8 and 1.0 gL^-1 of CM-n-TiO₂. The solar photocatalytic removal of MB from seawater using CM-n-TiO₂ obeyed a pseudo-first order kinetics according to the Langmuir-Hinshelwood model.

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