Abstract

Considering the geopolitical, geo-strategic and geo-economic characteristics of Caucasus region, it has been prone for conflict, tension and competition by regional and trans-regional powers from a long time ago. On one hand, the existence of a mosaic of ethnics and cultures in this region has always been a factor for attracting tribunal, social and political conflicts. The collapse of the Soviet Union, divided Caucasus into two parts of North and South. The states of Azerbaijan, Armenia and Georgia were located in the South Caucasus and the other ones were located within the boundaries of Russia and called North Caucasus. South Caucasian republics made a lot of effort to achieve a new position in the region and regulate their foreign (political) bonds after independence according to their historical background and the emergence of a new political atmosphere in the region and the world. The fire of conflicts and tensions in the South Caucasus, the imbalance in the region, the frustration of some countries during the conflicts in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and Ossetia, resulted in a gradual divergence of Russia's Caucasian republics. In this condition, the way was paved for the presence of new players especially the United States of America and NATO. In this paper, the history of the Caucasus crisis and its impact on the security and geopolitical condition of neighboring countries and particularly Iran and the future conditions of the region is analyzed.

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