Abstract

The purpose of this research and study was to help derive and test new theoretical equations to accurately determine cosmological distances and luminosities for all cosmological entities without the need for the dark energy hypothesis. These derived equations were based upon an alternative cosmological model and a study of type 1a supernovae observation data. This paper presents the results of this research and study and the resultant new equations.

A new distance equation is presented in this paper for peer consideration for the first time. It is proposed as an eventual replacement for the Hubble distance formula concerning calculated cosmic distances based upon redshifts. A new “brightness equation” is also offered herein. Its calculations are required to accompany the calculations of the distance equation to determine brightnesses and is proposed as an addendum to the inverse square law of light concerning luminosity calculations for cosmic-redshifted distances. In the subject supernova study these alternative equations are used to show their application and proposed validity concerning calculated distances and observed brightnesses of type 1a supernovae.

The proposed alternative distance equation is very different from the Hubble distance formula since it is directly linear and was derived from an entirely different non-expanding-universe cosmology, tested and refined based upon a study of type 1a supernova data involving the subject applied physics research. Explanations of the alternative cosmological model are presented here for the consideration of their merits. Hopefully these proposed equations will be tested by many others concerning all types of cosmological-distance observations of redshifts requiring distance and brightness-determination calculations, eventually resulting in the serious consideration of the subject cosmological model for reasons discussed in this paper.

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