Textile Flame Retardant Review

This article discuss know clearly the dominant species of flame retardant, flame retardant mechanism and flame checking technology combine gave an outline of the testing method of flame retardant effect, lodge set look into highly active, low mammalian toxicity, low fume burst size, multifunctional flame retardant textile, it is our struggling heading.

Along with people growth in the living standard and security recognizant, the fire retardancy of textile increasingly came in for folk' attention .How to reduce textile burning susceptibility and release burning toxic gas alight by, reduce people life and property damage by, afterwards bring universal attention has reference to lay store by, wherefore set a high value on , hence relate to flame retardant became particularly interested problem of people.Several aspect did gave an outline of flame retardant.

Flame retardant
Flame retardant was a sort of assistants to bump flammability or fire resistance of combustible or self-extinguish or smoke abatement up (Cui J,Jiang H L, Wu M Y, et al. 2003.).In recent years, along with fire safe standard increasingly exactitude, the dosage all the while submit ascending trend of the global flame retardant (Ou Y X. 2003.), for slate at henceforth five years within, for global flame retardant demand years equal growth rate approve reach 4% ~ 5% .

The flame retardant mechanism of the flame retardant
It is through the medium of some mechanism exert his flame retardant acting to flame retardant, as heat absorbing action, cover action, contain chain reaction, gasses diluting effect.
(1) Absorbing action heat absorbing action Any catch at short notice station liberated heat is limited alight, at hot conditions , flame retardant occur strong endothermic reaction, absorb burning liberated heat alight, depress combustible ostensible temperature down, effectively restrain flammable gas , prevent flaming overspread .
(2) Cover action Either flame retardant at high temperature be able to form vitroclastic or stable foam mantle, isolate O 2 , possess heat insulation, oxygen exclusion, constrain fuel gas outward divergent action from, thereby achieve to flame retardant end.
(3) Restrain chain reaction Flame retardant act on gas-phase combustion region, catch free radical of combustion reaction, thereby constrain propagation of flame from, enkindle regional flame density fell, ultimately enkindle reaction rate fell till terminate.
(4) Gasses diluting effect Both flame retardant endothermic decomposition tear loose incombustibility gas as nitrogen, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and ammonia , lead flammable gas strength of fibrous material cracking department by dilute to catch hereinafter, or gotten flame kernel department part regional oxygen insufficiency alight to, prevent burning keep on.
(5) Condensed phase flame retardant Through the medium of flame retardant action, at condensed phase reaction zone, the thermal cracking reaction mechanism of the transfer fiber macro chain, urge occur dehydration, condensation, cyclization, cross linkage reaction, till charring, withal increase charring leavings out, reduce flammable gas make by, lead flame retardant at condensed phase exert flame retardant action to.

The sort of the flame retardant
Here mostly introduce press compound sort of sort, both broke into inorganic flame retardant and organo-flame retardant twain broad heading.
(1) Inorganic flame retardant The primary function of inorganic flame retardant is endothermic , both it possess high stability, dyes-volatilization, fume virulence low and cost low merit, for the moment the favor of folk is increasing.The trend of development of inorganic flame retardant is supply premium product, on the one hand is to fine, hyperfine grain develop, it is to ameliorate size distribution aspect develop to on the other hand (Sun H Z, Longhai Cong. 2004.).
(2) Organo-flame retardant (i) Halogen flame retardant The flame retardant action of halogen organo-flame retardant is through the medium of bring heavier-than-air haloids acid forth to sediment be on the outer layer of blazer, dilute environmental air, isolate fresh air, lead by burnable asphyxia to, at the same time haloids acid well enough catch oxyhydrogen,thereby gotten flame decrease to.
(ii) Organophosphorus flame retardant (HÊrold S,Nab B,Schacker O,etal. 2004.)Both organophosphorus flame retardant liquidity strong, fume quantity large, be prone to hydrolyze and short of thermostability and more shortcoming too gradualness get conquer.It mostly include halogen phosphorus department and non-halogen phosphorus department .Halogen phosphorus department owing to at the same time contain halogen and phosphorus twain genera element, both atmosphere phase and condensed phase at the same time role playing, flame retardant effect in the extreme ideal, it possess volatility low achromatic without smelt, water fast solution gender grade merit, but short of resistance to heat.

Conventional flame retardant means
(1) Fire-retardant fiber (Chen B. 1999.)The manufacturing method of the fire-retardant fiber usually approve reduce to hereinafter three species: (i) Copolymerization farad: On the building-up process suffer of fiber forming high polymer, do with maintain phosphorus,halogen,sulfur and more flame retardant elementary compound by way of comonomer introduce macrochain suffer,aganin do with such fire retardancy strong substance add to fiber suffer.
(ii) Cross blend farad: Either is should flame retardant join spinning fusing or spun manufacture fire-retardant fiber .
(iii) Graft modification: Used heat of emission, energetic electron beam or chemical booster resolve fiber (or weft) and vinyl type flame retardant monomer occur graft copolymerization, is obtain hold true whereas everlasting flame retardant modified means.
(2) Flame retardant fabric (i) Padding baking process The process flow of the method is: Padding preliminary drying baking after treatment.Its padding liquor is flame retardant solution, commonly be formed of flame retardant, cross-linking agent, catalyze, wetting agent and softener, either formulate become water solution or lattices proceed tidy.(iii) Extrusion coating farad (Giraud S,Bourbigot S,Rochery,et al. 2005.)It is number flame retardant interfusion resin within proceed process.warranty the different of mechanical equipment into knife coating farad, molding extrusion coating farad and recycle extrusion coating farad.
(iv) Spray method Put out of service conventional equipment art factitious thick curtain, large-scale rug and more merchandise, the flame retardant finish of the approve last of all in a single operation did hand spraying farad.Toward bulkiness surface have got figure, tufting, pile cottony fabric, used padding farad dispose surface fuzz figure came in for traumata to, commonly adopt series spray method.
(v) Organic solvent farad Used organic matter should flame retardant dissolve, then proceed flame retardant finish, it be able to gotten put hour shorten to rights.In course , both it has to be noted that solvent virulence and combustibility.(Pang Z H. 2004.) ( Zhang Y K, Li C D. 2003.) ( Zhang P T ,et al. 2004.) ( Liu L W,Guo F,Chen J F. 2004.) ( Alcan. 2000.)(1) Nanometer flame retardant technology Some nanophase materials possess posses prevent flaming function, take them as flame retardant enroll to flammable material suffer in, utilize its specific size and structure effect of, the combustion performance of the could transfer these flammable material, the stuff of the built of into possess fire resistance material.

New flame retardant means
(2) Microcapsule flame retardant technology Do with flame retardant bruise spread become atom aback about, either used organic matter or inorganic matter proceed parcel, form microcapsule flame retardant; or withal specific area prodigious mineral did bearer, the interstice suffer of the should flame retardant adsorption at the soon some inorganic bearer, blistering become weak gelatin capsule flame retardant.
(3) Superfine melt technology Owing to flame retardant acting exert is by chemical reaction station dominant,isometrical isometric flame retardant,its particle size more smaller, specific area more larger, flame retardant effect more better.Superfine melt no more will from affinity aspect had in view, considering tone know clearly interfacial interaction up, could still evenly spread mer resin suffer about, the mechanical property of the thereby be able to still effectively ameliorate blend composition.
(4) Surface modification technology Inorganic flame retardant possess compare strong polarity with hydrophilicity,short of the compatibility with non-polar polymer material, interface hard of wellformed coalesced sum gumming.Both that of for ameliorate his and polymer compartment gumming force and interface affinity, it was most for powerful tool among that adopt coupling agent versus his proceed surface treatment.
(5) Smoke abatement technology Contain halogen high polymer, halogen department flame retardant and antimony onium compounds are primary fume source.Versus contain halogen high polymer high polymer adopt appending smoke suppressor is solve smoky most measure.
(6) Cross linkage technology The fire retardancy of cross-linked high polymer is far better than linear high polymer, not only be able to decrease burning flammability fusing drippage,as well as be able to transfer surface texture and/or interface structure of cross blend high polymer, gather instrument intensity.(GB/T 5456-1997) (7) Macromolecule technology Macromolecule technology is one of the new techniques of flame retardant under consideration, in recent years its research is activity, and procures round robin fruit.

Burning experimentation
GB/T5456-1997 provision know clearly textile vertical direction sample flame propagation capable menstruation .GB8746-88 provision know clearly textile vertical direction fabric ease of ignition menstruation .GB8745-88 provision know clearly wove fabric surface combustion behavioral menstruation (GB/T5454-1997).

Smokiness testing method
Both here and abroad have got the species dedication instrument payload test, theory more borrowed light penetrate method.

Flame retardant finish thermal analysis
It was thermogravimetry (TGA) and differential scan calorimeter (DSC) that flame retardant test suffer staple.At thermo analytical technique suffer well enough avail chromatogram-mass spectra chromatography mass spectrometry of, look into stringy pyrolyzate and more.

Taper calorimeter instrument test
Taper calorimeter instrument adopt oxygen consumption theory measure material catch heat release rate alight, Furthermore, it could measure material catch unit area thermal release velocity alight, sample point burnt time, mass loss velocity, fume density, active combustion hot, noxious gas content is parameter.( Yang D X. 1989.)

Textile flame retardant trend of development
(1) Strengthen the development research of fire-retardant fiber.
Fire-retardant fiber on part of wear, indoor furnishings, transportation and communication, shield and industrial textiles possess comprehensive application.Proceed from the angle of environmental protection, humanity security and flame retardant efficiency; it was forthcoming development trend that exploitation without halogen, highly active, low fume, harmfulless environment amity form drag burnt fiber.
(2) Strengthen flame retardant textile multifunctional research up For the moment, either majority fire-retardant fiber or fabric hardly possess flame retardant function, insatiability certain departmental special requirement, as flame retardant water repellency, flame retardant oil-repellent, flame retardant antistatic.Now that inland has got report that flame retardant finish fabric is able to at the same time run up to anti-crease effect for.

Exploitation new style environmental protects flame retardant Henceforth the develop of flame retardant approximately have got hereinafter some kind of trend:
(1)Exploitation highly active, innocuity, impact material property small flame retardant.
(3) The exploitation of series flame retardant possess differ field of application.
(4) The multiple match of the flame retardant.The multiple match technology of flame retardant embody two-sided signification one is differ flame retardant flame retardant of compartment multiple match problem two is flame retardant with different mer compartment assort problem.

Peroration
21 century is science and technology science and technology science and technology society high speed high speed ostensive time, persons standard of living escalate meanwhile still lay stress on live quality, folk environmental considerations environmental considerations also increasingly advance.Advance the safety feature of textile, prevent and confine fire, look into highly active, low mammalian toxicity, low fume burst, multifunctional flame retardant textile is our struggling heading.

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ii) Steep parch dry farad Process flow is: Steep dryness after treatment.It is hold fabric lay in flame retardant liquor suffer steep hour to it, take out and drying, at times flame retardant finish approve to dyeing with bath proceed.