The Necessity of Preparing Urban Design Guidelines to Improve Quality of Life – For Thao Dien, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The ultimate goal of urban design is to improve the 'Quality of human life'. Although it may be called urban design by referring to all the outputs and processes of development, it is more useful to use the term urban design by limiting the development process and results in ‘enhancing quality’. However, the history of urban design is not long all over the world, and there are not many countries that are not institutionalized yet. The purpose of this study is to clarify and reflect the needs and requirements of residents in to suggest the right guidelines of urban design that have the most direct effect on improving the quality of human life. The study site was limited to Thao Dien, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.


Background and Goal
It has a lot of define about "Sustainable City". They are containing of environment, culture, and issue of the economy even though they are different theory each other. This mean is connected with "Quality of Human life" in common. Like this, many scholars research of the method of improvement quality of human life in a lot of fields. If so, how can the high and low quality of life be evaluated? This can be said to be related to the satisfaction of the citizens of the city. To sum up, a sustainable city is a city where people's satisfaction with the city is high and the quality of life is continuously improved. Also, Sustainable cities, urban sustainability, or eco-city (also "ecocity") is a city designed with consideration for social, economic, environmental impact, and resilient habitat for existing populations, without compromising the ability of future generations to experience the same.(Source: Wikipedia) Especially in the field of 'Urban", the plan and means of realization to improve the quality of human life are called "Urban design". Urban design that directly connects with improving the quality of human life action has a very important meaning for the make of base for sustainable development. However, the history of Urban design is not long enough in worldwide. In Korea, urban design was institutionalized in 1980, and it did not work until it was incorporated into the 『Detailed plan』 in 2000 and revised to the title of 『District unit plan』. Vietnam, which has a similar historical background and development process as Korea, also seems to have little effect on urban design.
In this regard, this study surveyed the satisfaction of the current city in Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam, and examined what urban designers should pay attention to increase their satisfaction in the future. Furthermore, based on this, we proposed urban design guidelines to develop into a sustainable city.

Boundary and Methods
The spatial scope of the study was limited to Tao Dien in Ho Chi Minh District 2, Vietnam. Ho Chi Minh is divided into 24 administrative districts. Thao Dien is a place where many foreigners live, subway development is underway, and international schools are densely packed with school, residential and commercial facilities. Despite the concentration of such facilities and residents, it is a region where many inconveniences are caused by constant flooding in rainy weather, traffic congestion due to narrow roads, sequential pedestrian spaces, and Union's urban planning system for a long time also pointed out the lack of a city planning law suitable for the Vietnamese environment. As mentioned above, many studies related to urban planning and urban development have been studied, but studies related to urban design have been relatively poor. Therefore, through this study, the necessity of urban design should be re-recognized, and further, what should be done first for the improvement of human quality of life, the ultimate goal of urban design.

Detail of Basic infra of Basic in the City to Connecting with life
To suggest urban design guidelines for improving the quality of life, the survey was conducted with the focus on infrastructure. Infrastructure includes social infrastructure related to living bases such as medical care, education and housing, and industrial infrastructure related to production base such as road, communication. In this study, 1) street space, 2) open space, and 3) transportation facilities were shortened and selected as the minimum basic infrastructure that can be improved and supplemented through urban design activities and directly connected with the quality of life. Street space can be largely divided into 'Driveway' and 'Pedestrian road'. In addition, in addition to pedestrians and vehicles, 'motorcycle-only roads' were included in the analysis in consideration of Vietnam's living environment. Therefore, this study limited the driveway, pedestrian road, and motorcycle-only roads as the infrastructure of street space related to improving the quality of life in the study area, and investigated the importance and satisfaction of road width, continuity, and maintenance.

Openspace
The openspace of urban space provides comfort by securing air, water and openness, and functions as a complex of parks and green spaces. In addition, the open space of the housing complex contributes to the improvement of the quality of residential life by providing landscape elements and pleasant visual elements, and providing a space for free outdoor recreational activities by providing a circulation passage through air purification. In this way, open space is not simply "empty" space, but a basic infrastructure that is directly related to the quality of life of urban residents. Therefore, this study investigated the importance and satisfaction of the distribution of public spaces that can function as parks and squares in Thao Dien.

Transportation Facility
Transportation facilities are necessary for the operation of various transportation facilities, and there are nodule points such as roads, railroads and waterways, and stations, parking lots, and airports. Therefore, this study implicates "bus" as a representative public transportation facility and investigated the importance and satisfaction centering on the distribution of bus stops in the study area. In addition, since there are no public transportation facilities in Tao Dien at the moment, a survey of importance and satisfaction regarding the necessity of public transportation facilities was also conducted.

Analysis of IPA
IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) analysis is a method commonly used in marketing to analyze  The third quadrant, which is low in both importance and satisfaction, was derived from the 'width of the pedestrian road'. Although Thao Dien is not narrow in the pedestrian road, it is a result of the poor pedestrian environment due to motorcycle parking, street stalls and incorrect plants on the street.
Lastly, most of the factors in the four quadrants with low importance but high satisfaction were those related to the motorcycle-only road. This is supported by the opinion that Vietnamese people who have been living motorcycles for many years have not had any major obstacles to living even though there has been no motorcycle-only road until now.

Suggested of Urban Design Guidelines
Based on the IPA analysis, urban design guidelines were proposed as follows, focusing on the urban design elements that should be supplemented to improve the quality of life according to the improvement of the living environment of Ho Chi Minh Tao Dien. Criteria for Proposing Urban Design Guidelines are as follows.
First, it focused on the elements of the second quadrant that are most urgently improved in the Thao Dien region. Second, the characteristics of mixed residential and commercial facilities were considered. Third, the guidelines were suggested based on the characteristics of multiple cultures due to the high rate of residence and use of foreigners. Fourth, it focus on the character that most international schools in Ho Chi Minh are now located in the Thao Dien region.
The two quadrants of high importance but lack of satisfaction were the most urgent factors (Pedestrian road and maintenance status, driveway maintenance status, 'Pedestrian road continuity, public space and bus stop). These were shortened and rearranged into Street space, Driveway, Public space, and Public transportation.

Guidelines Direction for Street Space
In street spaces, unmaintained and discontinuous sidewalks were identified as elements that need to be improved urgently to improve the quality of life of residents. The current road situation in Thao Dien is complicated by the mixed vehicles and people, and most of the places where the pedestrian road cannot play its role due to the dumping of garbage and the parking of motorcycles on the pedestrian road. Thus, the following guidelines were suggested for the 'Space of the street'.
 First, creating a space of street centered on people  Second, strengthening continuity by designating motorcycle parking space  Third, create a pleasant street environment by preparing a garbage dump Currently, in the pedestrian road, there are obstacles in many places where people cannot walk smoothly. Motorcycle pedestrians, telegraph poles, and street vendors lack continuity of walking. Also, the uncomfortable pedestrian environment due to the illegal dumping of garbage has also contributed to the deterioration of the quality of life. Therefore, the above-mentioned information is suggested as a guideline for future urban design in the region.

Guidel
There is cu unoccupie dumping a find a way quality of securing v of open space has had a significant impact on the quality of life of residents, as well as the lack of public transportation. In this regard, this study suggests the direction of urban design guidelines in the Thao Dien region within the range that can be supplemented and improved in terms of urban design.
Vietnam does not have a long history of urban design and only a few years ago the Urban Planning Act was invented. In addition, it is not long since full-scale development has been implemented, and in fact, the need for urban planning is stronger than urban design. However, it is receiving a lot of information from developed countries, and the development speed is so fast that there is a possibility that the focus will be on "development" without losing its uniqueness. Therefore, the uniqueness and identity should not be lost, but it is necessary to reconsider the cornerstone by considering what is needed for the "quality of life" which is the ultimate purpose of urban design. Furthermore, it is necessary to consider more three-dimensional methods in which plans and designs are converged and combined with the rapid development speed. The contents of this study will be the basis for improving the satisfaction of residents and forming a sustainable area when urban design of Thao Dien region is implemented in the future.