Iran ’ s Foreign Policy and the Balance of Power in the Region

The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran begins with the idea of (Wilayat Al-Faqih) which is a unique structure of applying the Islamic roles without any interference in the internal affairs of its neighbors and other countries. Iran security constitute gives a significant role to Iran's foreign policy, through defending the country against any potential threats and implementing policies to achieve the national goals set by the Supreme authority of the Imam Khomeini of Iran ,the Council Planning Department and the National Security Council. The foreign policy objectives give priorities for achieving the revolution goals. The success of the central objectives of the Islamic revolution in Iran is enhanced by the strategic location that makes Iran economically significant since 2010, the development of relations with Saudi Arabia reflects the increased sectarian divisions of the Iranian society regarding the central objectives and Iran concerns of the Arab Spring in the region , the situation in Syria and the supporting the Assad regime which became a strategic concern of Iran, and this put Iran in facing of Arab countries, including GCC, and other Sunni Arab states to confront Iran in Syria, these issues make the possibility of improving Iran's relations with the outside world little . Some Iranian scholars believe that Iran is flexible concerning the settlement of the nuclear power of Iran by saying that the Western powers lack flexibility regarding Iran's programs of obtaining nuclear power.


Introduction
Iran's foreign policy is facing difficulties, obstacles and contradictions that make it more like the foreign policy of the great powers, so we find it difficult to describe or predict which options could be adopted towards the acceleration issues of the regional and international developments.The review and analysis of the foreign policies of Iran since the Islamic Republic came out quick and these policies were neither stable nor coherent.The key for revolutionary foreign policy is security and coherence that dominates the national procedure which is essential in Iran's relations with the geo-strategic environment, including its relations with the United States.In addition, the economic factor is playing a leading role in making Iran's foreign policy.
But it seems that the role of the revolutionary guard abroad and its impact on foreign policy is significant, due to a change in its strategy regarding declining the role of the Revolutionary Guard in the external relations outside the formal frameworks of States.This decline can be linked to the importance given to the Ministry of defense and the army, especially in the period when Ali sham khani, served as Defense Minister.we could also argue that the new Iran strategy relies on long-range missiles and seeks to develop nuclear weapons, and relies on the Navy which reflects the major cause in the importance of the decline of the Revolutionary Guard.

The Determinations of Iran's Foreign Policy
The political system of the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on a unique structure that begins with the idea of an Islamic role of (wilayat Al-Faqih), which is the corner point in Shi'a thought, particularly in the Islamic Republic of Iran, and the idea of (wilayat Al-Faqih) is given through the scholar's Department which is based on Sharia of Islam, al -Jihad, and so on.That means from the perspective of the clerks of the Government, informing the person of the religion and Affairs of Muslim justice according to several conditions and qualities contained in the Iranian Constitution.That specifies the conditions that must be met in the revolution, its leader and its scholar who runs the Islamic role ,

Leading of the Community Affairs
The constitution of Islamic Iran requires the ruler or the leader has to be aware of the rulings of the religion thorough.Above all, he has to take care of Muslims responsibilities in all areas.And all references to the obedience of the Islamic leader in Iran (Wali Faqih) whose orders are binding for everyone.In this sense, (wilayat Al-Faqih) is the cornerstone in the theory of governance in Iran since Khomeini who sees that giving someone the Imamate who also must be obeyed unless it is contrary to the law of God.Also in accordance with article (105)of the constitution, ' " the overwhelming majority of people are recognized by the authority and its leadership represented by The Ayatollah Imam Khomeini, as he is a more knowledgeable individual and gives judgments and jurisprudence regarding the political topics, social, possession of the public support or having prominently the characteristics that are listed in the article (109) for the purpose of electing the leadership".

Sources of Iranian Foreign Policy
With respect to the foreign policy, of The Iranian Constitution, article 152 states that.'.The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran focuses on to maintain peace ,complete independence, territorial integrity, defending the rights of all Muslims, ,non-aligned along one of the authoritarian forces and exchange of peaceful relations with neighboring countries.The foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran considers that there are red lines that cannot be overridden in particular with regard to interference in the internal affairs of other States in any way; this made the Iranian foreign policy to be at the heart of concerns for building peaceful relations with its neighbors and other countries.Article 154 of the Iranian Constitution states that," The Islamic Republic of Iran supports the struggle of the oppressed against the oppressors in any point of the world.At the same time not interfering in the internal affairs of other Nations".Moreover Iran's foreign policy has undergone three phases of tasks in the Revolution, followed by the imposed war and finally the reconstruction phase.

Iran's Foreign Policy Objectives
One of the priorities of the foreign policy aimed at achieving the success objectives of the revolution, the central objectives are classified into three: (short, medium and long last goals).
-Short-term goal aims to preserve the Republic, territorial integrity, national policy, growth and economic expansion.
-Medium-term objective is limited to defend Islamic law and protect the Muslims from Western colonialism.
-The long-term objective aims to establishing an Islamic country.
These objectives are characterized by purely ideological source, Islamic humanitarian and global dimension.The goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran are politically and culturally heritage of the Islamic Revolution in 1979, the culture that led to the triumph of the revolution and turned into principles and goals.
Iran's performance foreign policy objectives or goals aim to achieve the following: 1. Growth and economic expansion, preserving the territorial integrity and national sovereignty.
2. Defend the Muslims and liberal revolutions, opposition to Israel and the West, especially America.

establishing an Islamic society based on Shia.
In order to understand the gradual changes in foreign policy since the revolution, a distinction must be made in stages of political development of Iran after the revolution as follows: First phase: The beginning with the 1979 revolution, which ended with the departure of Khomeini in 1989.
Second phase: the second Republic era, which began with the Imam and Supreme Leader Ali Khamenei, and the election of Hashemi Rafsanjani as a president.
Third phase: It is the third Republic era in the magistrate which was expressed at the end of 2005, when Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad won the Iranian presidential election, who represent the conservatives in Iran.
Iran's foreign policy has become the second product of compromises between different interests of rival groups, although the constitutional reforms was introduced in 1989, it gave the President greater powers in the field of Foreign Affairs through the abolition of the post of Prime Minister, the absence of a dominant, charismatic personality of Imam Khomeini, the differences that emerged between President Rafsanjani, Ali Khamenei, especially since 1993, with the mandate of Rafsanjani, Khamenei sought to assert his power to play an important role in the field of foreign policy, then followed by sharp divisions between reformists led by President Mohammad Khatami, and conservative led by Khamenei, which led to multiplicity positions in decision-making.
The emergence of disputes between reformists and conservatives, particularly with regard to strengthening democracy internally and the relationship with the United States and the new thinking on relations with neighboring States and Europe externally led to divergence and duplication of the foreign policy of Iran, where reformists aim to adopt a foreign policy of normalizing relations with the Arab Gulf countries ,external relations with the outside world ,finding outlets for accessing the Western technology and the integration of Iran into the world of capitalist system.
The objectives of the Iranian foreign policy in the era of the second Republic, especially since President Khatami arriving to power, based on the following points: 1. Maintenance of peace and stability in the Gulf region ,cooperation with the States of the region to be away from the military alliances ,removal of foreign forces from the region and to support the Middle East free of nuclear weapons.
2. The normalization of relations with the Gulf Cooperation Council countries Arabic.
3. Maximizing its returns from oil through coordination with the producer countries, especially regional States, positive policy towards the Gulf countries aimed at achieving stability in the oil market.
4. Prevention of regional hegemony over Iraq.
5. The normalization of relations with Western countries to encourage foreign investment, access to technology, the revitalization of trade relations and integration of Iran in the world capitalist system.6.To support the legitimate interests in neighboring countries.
7. Building military forces through cooperation with Russia, China and North Korea, which do not view Iran to destabilize security and stability regionally and globally.8.Not showing concerns about Russia's policy towards Central Asia on the one hand and to ensure the security of its northern border with former Soviet republics, adopts a double policy of cooperation with both Turkey and Saudi Arabia and not interfering in the Affairs of Central Asia supporting of one party at the expense of another, as in its support for Armenia in the dispute with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh.9. Seeking to establish an Islamic common market through reviving economic cooperation Council, which includes both Turkey and Pakistan and promoting Islamic republics of the former Soviet interesting?Those foreign policy objectives has come as a response to rapid changes in the region and the world, where there is political and economic reasons imposed on the Government of Iran to adopted a new policy towards the countries of the region under President Khatami , including.
-Iran seeks to come out of its international isolation imposed by the United States through a policy of dual containment, opening up to Europe, Asian countries, the developing world and other Gulf States that accept its the political status in the region.
-Contribution of internal changes in Iran in favors of reformist parliamentary and presidential elections and the tendency of this trend towards emphasizing the role of the State at the expense of the revolution to make Iran foreign policy towards the Gulf States more moderate, especially Saudi Arabia, through recognition its central role in the system of Arab Cooperation Council.
-The contribution of the Iran in the Gulf crisis and the current Afghan crisis.
-The decline of the importance of doctrinal working in Iran's foreign policy in the era of the second Republic, to break out international isolation, building good relations with Gulf Arabic that would reflect positively on Shiites in those countries.
-The national interests are the main pillar of foreign policy since the existence of more than one million Iranians in the GCC countries is another factor imposed on Iran to adopt a more realistic policy in its relations with the Gulf countries.
-The desire for an opening policy.
-Iran is surrounded by unstable countries, and this is another factor in the desire to secure its southern front through establishing good relations with Arab Gulf States to alienate the US presence in the Gulf region.
-The desire to encourage non-oil economic sectors to look for overseas markets for their products but the size of trade exchange between the two parties will depend on the strength of their political relations with Iran, which would entail Iran sought to improve its reputation in the region, and this is evident in the fact that Iran ranks first in the re-export trade for U.A.E.
-The economic situation in Iran had suffered serious setbacks during the 1980s, especially in the non-oil sector, capital flight and emigration of many minds and skilled labor, as well as the destruction of economic establishments such as direct and indirect consequences of war with Iraq, and the drop in oil prices has reduced GDP during the 1980s, and improving oil market which requires cooperation and coordination with other oil-exporting countries, led by Saudi Arabia, the largest oil reserves in the world.

Iran's foreign policy goals in the era of conservative President Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad:
In this context, it can be said that the Iranian interests in foreign policy is not likely to switch or make substantial changes, but at the same time will not be identical to the visions and perspectives of Khatami's Presidency, Hence, the Iran President Ahmadi Nejad tried to rebuild the House of Iran and the internal affairs so as to strengthening the Iranian society to be able to deal with the external environment.Nejad also wanted to force Iran by increasing its military strength through the possession of nuclear weapons with a view to increasing its capacity to dominate its influence, as well as the pursuit of economic growth ,expansion through maximizing the revenues of oil ,preserve the territorial integrity and national sovereignty, in addition to establishing an Islamic society based on Shia, help Muslims and their liberation movements everywhere, and stand up against Israel, America and the West.It seems that the Iranian people are affected in the vision and strategy about the outer Ocean, regional and international factors as well as the following variables: 1.The geopolitics of Iran.
2. Rich Iranian energy sources and geographical proximity to the world's richest energy sources in the North and South of the country.
3. Sensitivity to independence and national sovereignty.
4. The Iranian cultural orientation of science, culture and Western culture.

Determinants and elements of foreign policy:
There are many factors that affect the formation of Iranian foreign policy and guidance of these factors: 1).The geographic area of Iran: geographic area is estimated (1 649) million square kilometers and an estimated population of (66.6) million (2002 estimates), gross domestic product (GDP) for 2002 (about 465 billion dollars), estimated foreign debt of about (8.2).
Iran has a common border with the Central Asia and Russia as well as the supervision of both the Oman and the Arabian Gulf, the supervision of the Strait of Hormuz could dominate international shipping in the Arabian Gulf, which makes major powers want positive relationships with it.The Iranian geographical outlines play an essential role in its foreign policy, which continues to facilitate international reactions, varying between oscillation conflict and cooperation.
The geographical position of Iran is in the center of the Eurasian continent and its being the connection between the two energy-rich Arab Gulf, and the Caspian Sea, is prominent in the movement between the major powers, Iran always countries globally affect any change in the international system and affect its perspectives .The important site of Iran played a role in the political and economic relations and civilization between the Iranian and the Gulf Arabs.Iran played an important role in the Middle East throughout history as an imperial power as a key player in clashes between East and West, being one of the largest natural gas producer in the world.
With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the absence of one of the political forces , it constitutes a very important link between the Caspian Sea and the Persian Gulf, as a liaison between fifteen countries .This shows the importance of Geo-economic leadership of Iran as a central point for the world's energy supply, and as a liaison between the market of Central Asia and the Arabian Gulf market, the emergence of geopolitical position of Iran to kind of regional and global coordination are factors to achieve objectives of its foreign policy.

2) The human factor (demographic):
Demographic studies show that analysts expect the population of Iranian Republic in 2030 will roughly exceed the combined population of the Gulf States, for example the population of Iran has weakened the population of Iraq, which means that Iran numerically is superior in population over many other countries, giving them a sense of superiority and inferiority on the countries of the region, due to the population density.

3) Economic factor:
The Islamic Republic of Iran has economic potential which was exploited effectively in its foreign policy to highlight the economic resources that could be employed in its foreign policy.Iran has the third largest oil reserves in the world and the capacity of 190 billion barrels worth (8.8%)Of the total world reserves, according to estimates prepared by international oil companies and research centers.Iran is the second largest oil producer in the Organization of petroleum exporting countries (OPEC), after Saudi Arabia with an estimated quantity (3.7) million barrels is allocated (2.4) million barrels for export and the rest for local consumption.Iran's oil production is around (13.47%) Total OPEC production, including Iraq-around (4.84%)Of the total world production (76.53) million barrels per day, OPEC estimates for 2002.Iran is the world's second largest after Russia in terms of gas reserves, estimated at 26 trillion cubic meters, about (15%) of universal precautions, and can last until the (400) of current production rates.
Iran enjoyed economic and industrial potential and enormous oil to the geographical diversity and territorial climate that lead the world in economic growth rates, as the economic policy pursued by the Islamic revolution and the subsequent long war -as long as eight years between Iraq and Iran, left a devastating impact both in terms of human losses, or the economic cost estimated at more than 600 billion dollars as a result of the destruction of a large part of the economic structure, all of these had led to many difficulties that the Iranian people suffered them.

The Main Actors in Foreign Policy
First.The spirit of adventure: The Iranian religious leaders help the leaders of the community to promote social and political order for their rights and for confront the hegemonic powers of the United States.
Iran encouraged Shiites in neighboring countries to reject the present status and to claim their rights in the political, economic and social policy, to practice various kinds of pressures that will threaten stability and weaken governance systems throughout the Gulf.Iran has adopted a policy of open support for Shiite movements in Iraq and Bahrain, Lebanon, Kuwait and Saudi Arabia.And Iran in political adventures went further, accusing all Governments that maintain close ties with the United States and some Western countries of corruption and hostility to Islam, The results of the Iraq-Iran war and the policies adopted by Iran adventure to other Gulf States are significant.Iran seems to have absorbed many lessons from its war with Iraq from the isolation in which it found itself at the end of the war; this was clear from its policy towards Iraq after the war to liberate Kuwait.Iran had sought to exploit the Iraq military and political weakness, but stayed watching the development of the situation between Iraq and the United States.But Iranian policy has changed towards Iraq after the US invasion in 2003, where Tehran found an opportunity to intervene strongly in southern areas where the Shiite are majorities.It seems that Iran now possesses larger influence through control of the nearby Shiite leaders on the new Iraqi Government, prompting the United States to instruct its Ambassador in Baghdad Zalmay Khalil Zada.To open a dialogue with Tehran to facilitate democratic governance and to help bring security and stability.

Second. Conservative policies:
In the early stages of the Islamic Republic revolutionary, the spirit of Islam and national identity of Persian Iran policies became initiative and offensive, provoked feelings of fear and hostility for its neighbors.But since this stage after an absence of Imam Khomeini, Iran placed more realistic foreign policies especially for dealing with countries surrounding Iran.Hashemi Rafsanjani first adopted this change in Iranian foreign policy through the evaluation of the improvement in the geo-strategic location of Iran after the war on Iraq, the economic situation had become worse because of the large military expenditure on the war and concerns and social backlog that threatens to create internal conflicts among a number of Iranian societies.

Third. Geo-politic variables:
The dramatic change in Geo-politic surrounding Iran since the Islamic Republic began with the breakup of the Soviet Union, when Iraq occupied Kuwait requiring intervention of allied forces in the Gulf to liberate Kuwait, which eventually led to the isolation of Iraq and war lasted twelve years leading to weakening of military and economic capabilities and leading up to the U.S. invasion to Iraq.

Fourth. Ethnicity and pluralism in Iran:
The Islamic revolution and Islamic religious feeling are with national sentiment, the force in a multi-ethnic country and religions..In religious terms, the proportion of Shiite Iranians is around 85 per cent.The rest is divided among Sunnis, Christians and Baha'is and Jews.
Minorities in Iran with the separatist movements and the desire to express themselves independently are a serious source of national concern about the unity of the people and the global, Hence the importance of the theory by Ali shamkhani, that it must be based on Iran in the face of various threats to adopt a strategy of deterrence that justify the strong thrust of the possession of nuclear weapons as a deterrent weapon for us forces and regional threats.

Fifth. the Iranian economy:
Two decades after the Islamic Republic finds itself in face of the Iranian people with a number of economic and social difficulties that confront the Islamic Republic of Iran.First there is a dramatic decline in employment, where hundreds of thousands of people enter the labor market each year, and lack of investments due to provincial legislation, , corruption and ineffective government departments focus on oil revenue to fund the country's expenditures.
The war caused the destruction of the Iranian economy, caused by the destruction of major infrastructure and oil industries and industrial centers, cities and agricultural land.
More than two-thirds of the Iranian population of over 64 million people is below the age of 25 years, while the market is limited to less than 15 million.There are approximately 2 million and half of the unemployed, the percentage of college graduates among these 40 per cent.According to the estimates of the Government of President Khatami, that Iran should work to create nearly 800,000 new jobs annually; this requires investments of 10 billion dollars annually, a growth rate of 6.7 per cent per year.
The reasons for the weak structure of the Iranian economy due to the conservative policies that do not encourage the growth of the private sector.And the role of Government and the prevailing mindset among clergy and conservatives to impose many restrictions on foreign investment, in addition to random decisions and general instability in the economy of growth which required the US Administration to decide the unilateral embargo on Iran in1995 and urged its allies to reduce or cut off business with Iran.

The new foreign policy is based on the following elements:
First: The people's interests.
Second: the failure of the Single system.
Third: To play an innovative and effective role in the new world economy.
Fourth: Modifying the red lines of Iranian foreign policy and international relations.
Fifth: Supporting the relations with neighboring countries, particularly Iraq and Afghanistan, Arab and Islamic States.
Sixth: Welcome any cooperation to support stability and security based on justice and dignity.
Seventh: Ongoing dialogue on Iran's nuclear program within the framework of the strategic objects of the system.
Eighth: The trend towards the strengthening of relations with Russia, China and Japan as ones of the poles of the world

The foreign policy under the new Minister went on the following elements:
First: Confidence when dealing with external parties regarding public support of foreign policy.
Second: Ready, willing and able to evolve and transform in order to prevent freezing in stereotypes.
Third: Further development of the diplomatic missions to keep up with shifts in foreign policy.
Fourth: Supporting the political speeches which dealing with external parties, strict implementation of the new officials to help the President, who heads the foreign policy Bureau.

Iran's Relations with the Arab Gulf States
Iran is a source of concern for the security of the Gulf for three main reasons: its nuclear ambitions, its occupation of the three UAE islands (the islands of Abu Musa, Greater Tunb and the small Tunb), interference in the internal affairs of the Arab Gulf States and Iraq in General.Electing Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad did not help to ease doubts about Iran's intentions, although his election was met with cautious optimism, with the start of President Ahmadi Nejad directly for official duties; found increasingly that his election was in fact a return to the atmosphere of revolutionary Iran in the early 1980s.In this context, the period of reconciliation with Arab Gulf States, especially Saudi Arabia, has been ended immediately and lasted only for a short.
And the Iranian nuclear program issue began to dominate all discussions in the GCC.As Iran failed to complete effective communication and complete with its neighbors of Arabic on its nuclear ambitions, In a meeting with NATO officials in Doha at the end of the year (2005), the Secretary-General of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) Abdul Rahman Al-Attiya, stated that: ' the nuclear ambitions of Iran makes the gulf Arab countries strengthen relations and security agreements with the Western powers '.He warned that Iran posed a threat to the stability of the region and that its nuclear program has become a source of concern for the region and raised fears the background all over the world.
In the case of the latter scenario, Iran could spark a regional war and exploited as a means to pressure the United States.Later, while preparing for the Gulf Summit held in December 2005 in Abu Dhabi, Abdul Rahman Al-Attiya said: ' it is essential that we reach agreement between the GCC and Iran, Iraq and other countries in the region such as Yemen to make the Gulf region free of weapons of mass destruction and nuclear weapons.We do not want an arms race in the region, and Iran's nuclear reactors are closer to our borders than the coastal of Tehran itself.Regarding the Iranian nuclear file, a commitment to the principles of the cooperation Council with respect for international legitimacy and resolve disputes by peaceful means, the Council renewed its call for a peaceful solution to this crisis and urged Iran to continue dialogue with the international community, and to cooperate fully in this regard, with the International Atomic Energy Agency, recent remarks by Prince muqrin bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the Saudi intelligence chief at the Security Conference proceedings Bahraini capital of Manama that Saudi Arabia is most closely identified the nuclear option since decades Further, but the links with the United States in the cold war period was not practically possible to start an Arab nuclear program led by Saudi money, and these limitations are exacerbated, whether Saudi lack the necessary competencies to implement this ambition or political considerations and security-related considerations.

The New Era of Iran's Foreign Policy
The director of the Institute of Iranian Studies at the University of St Andrews, Ali Ansari said "there are varied reasons behind spiritual win of the presidential election, was among the overwhelming response by the Iranian voters to vote for a spiritual, and encourage each other to vote for Ahmadi Nejad".Participants pointed out that most of those who supported him and supported his campaign were young and aspiring enthusiast to change, as a result of the moderate positions he has shown in recent weeks through.His slogans speeches in the campaign increased the balance of support between the layers of Iranian society, especially in the villages and the countryside.As well as the belief that "a man with a tendency pragmatic religion", in addition to the Khamenei system fear of a repeat of the experience of mass street protests that erupted after the 2009 elections, Which led to the capture and killing of hundreds and torturing journalists.,As the Conservatives failed to agree on a single candidate led to a split vote on the five candidates instead of one candidate agreed.
Ansari said that the election promises to Rawhani focused more on effective management of the economy, and the integration and interaction of building the economy, and more positive with the outside world, these were the most important factors in the election, in addition to his defense of the need to provide political and social interior environment that is comfortable.

Iran's Foreign Policy in the Era of President Rawhani
Some specialists in comparative politics and international relations sees that the Iranian state strategy based primarily on "the policy of continuity", which means there is no change in its policies while there are changes in management and the government, as happens in many countries of the world.A radical change usually does not happen in the foreign policies of the countries in the case of a leadership change, and it applies to the Iranian situation.A research scholar Erhin said that, Iran continues its support for the establishment of a Palestinian state, this is one of the most important priorities of the agenda of the Islamic Republic of Iran since the revolution, , and that this support is not limited to the Iranian government only, but the Iranian society as a whole, the number of non-governmental organizations support the creation of a Palestinian state.Erhin predicted also the continuation of the Iranian state to work heavily in Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon through Hezbollah allies and some Shiite movements in Iraq.
He explained that Iran would oppose the Afghan Taliban, and stated that it was likely to open strategic dialogue between Iran, Russia and India, and that is a model of what happened in the 2001 invasion of NATO to Afghanistan, Russia and India, NATO forces opposed the Taliban.He pointed out -in the context of his speech -"Iran will depend on their relationship with the countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council on diplomacy, especially with Saudi Arabia as a regional power.The former Iranian president, "Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani," criticized the foreign policy of the former Iranian president "Mahmoud Ahmadi Nejad" He stressed that the new policy would be focused on the way towards Iran's progress and to establish good relations with all countries, especially the countries of the region.And for relations with the West, he pointed out that it is unlikely that president Rawhani seeks to restore relations with the European Union in general, and Britain in particular, by opening diplomatic channels to achieve this.Rawhani added that he probably will open new way for diplomacy with the European Union and to open direct talks with the United States.The writer stressed that Iran will switch language of hostility to reconciliation and dialogue, pointing out that the spiritual scholars-and the politicians -have the ability to speak diplomatically because it is a crucial element in international relations, and this will facilitate the implementation of Iran's regional goals.

The Future of Iran's Nuclear Program
As for the issue of Iran's nuclear program, many discussions were held around ,Shahram Chopin -senior researcher at the nuclear program, stated that he did not put radical solutions to this issue, but were mostly orbiting reactions of the parties concerned, and look who can manage the issue in a better manner.Which raised the question of whether the new Iranian administration will change its policies towards some of the issues?He pointed out that three questions must be asked, and the search for answers to is: Is the new president will vary in his policies?Will the approach of the Supreme Leader be changed?Can President Rawhani changes the Iran's foreign policy, especially regarding the nuclear program?And responded to questions that Rawhani will be different in his policies, such as Khatami, as "moderate, pragmatic, and technocratic" against the backdrop of some of his writings and his views, pointing to the of a spiritual desire in the expansion of Iranian relations with the outside world, because he believes that this will better participate in the integration of the Iranian Revolutionary in the community.During his speech, a comparison between foreign policy in the era of both Ahmadi Nejad and Khatami, at the time of Khatami's putting his two hands in the two main axes, one is to develop relations with the Gulf States, the other is European Union and Britain In particular, the Ahmadi Nejad adopted in its external policies on the strategy of hostility, and the dimension of diplomacy.The other two questions about whether there is room for change?Can the new president effect real change?And he replied that the change depends on the local domain, security forces policies ,militants and the Supreme Leader.Rawhani has not received his way to the light, as happened in the era of Khatami.The second thing; many of the politicians are exploiting the nuclear issue for personal and internal gain.Shahram explained that Rawhani has a desire to reach compromises with the West over its nuclear program, and emphasized upon the ability of the new elected president to bring great changes to the nuclear issue.He believes that nuclear file was a contrived pretext to change the regime, and said that the leader believes that the resistance and the challenge of effective means to maintain the survival of the regime over the negotiations, so this did not change his approach, but maybe there is a change in the administration of President Rawhani, because of his flexibility policies.Nuclear program file has become a dominant on Iran's foreign policy, so there is no need to give the new president attention to commensurate for the importance of the file on the Iranian scene.

Conclusion
Perhaps the best policy options for those who are interested in the idea of the future security of the Gulf region, is reported by Zalmay Khalilzad Zadeh (States of America in the Security Council), the United States ' there is a need for long-term vision on Iran's regional role, as well as the Iraqi role of deterring Iran's regional hegemony.'Although Khalilzad assumes a degree of regional ambitions of the Islamic Republic of Iran than indicated here, that his policy proposal is realistic and non-ideological.It is not important to determine whether Iran is seeking regional hegemony or not, because it does not have the ability to take control of the region under the US presence, which is expected to possess its capability in the foreseeable future.
It should be noted that all the analysts agree on the significant obstacles of limitations that are put on Iran for defying the will of the international community, including European countries and the Security Council, with so Covet in a dominant regional role and having some capacity to achieve some gains.This should be in peaceful and diplomatic options to the fullest extent.In fact, Iran has close political ties with its neighbor.The Arab Gulf States take a pragmatic path in managing its relations with Iran.
In fact, Iran has close political ties with its neighbor.The Arab Gulf States take a pragmatic path in managing its relations with Iran, in contrast -Iran is no less inclined to follow a practical approach that saves its interests.Iran has argued that it has developed nuclear fuel cycle in order to produce enriched material used in power generation plants to meet its needs.Certainly, Iran could argue that it is suffering a shortage of electricity supply and that it prefers to keep its wealth from oil and gas for the purpose of selling in the foreign market.However, the evidence against Iran goes well beyond just getting the technology needed for the production of fissile materials.
It has become clear that Iran has obtained uranium cheaply from world markets, and therefore many questions may arise regarding the uranium enrichment inside Iran.It is well known that Iran has made all its capabilities to produce weapons, and export them to Allied Nations .so it seems illogical to say that uranium enrichment is for peaceful purposes.On the other hand nuclear program should be seen in conjunction with Iran's progress in developing its capability to produce surface-to-surface missiles, with the support of North Korea and Russia as proof that it is not economically.It could be said changing the foreign policy of Iran will not be so easy because the president cannot do effectively while the other strong powers and religious groups interfere in the internal and external of Iranian politics.