The Imagineering Learning via Metaverse: ILM Model via Metaverse to Promote Creative Thinking Skills

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Introduction
According to the principles of learning management, which are designated to provide learners with knowledge, abilities, and desirable characteristics as to the learning standards specified in the Basic Education Core Curriculum, the utmost importance should be given to learners, focusing on the benefits they will receive, because it is believed that everyone is able to learn and develop himself.The process of learning management must encourage learners to develop themselves naturally and then achieve their full potential.Meanwhile, the individual differences should be taken into account, and, once referring to brain development, the emphasis should be placed on both knowledge and morality (Office of the Basic Education Commission, 2008).
The efficiency of instruction depends on instructors' ability to transfer knowledge, learners' perceptions, suitability of instruction media.Instruction media are considered the materials or tools that help instructors transfer knowledge to learners in an easier and quicker manner.Thereby, the instruction media are categorised into 3 types, i.e., learning media (e.g., print media, technology media), personal media (e.g., teachers, experts), and nature and environment (Office of the National Primary Education Commission, 1992).
Active learning is an instruction process that emphasises learners' participation and engagement in various forms of learning activities, e.g., analysis, synthesis, brainstorming, exchanging opinions, doing case studies, etc.It is advisable that the said learning activities help develop the skills of analytical thinking, critical thinking, communication and presentation, and proper use of information technology.Not only should learners participate in the activities mentioned above, but they should also interact with both instructors and other learners.While conveying knowledge to learners, instructors ought to reduce their role in giving lectures; instead, they should stimulate learners' enthusiasm to do activities and provide them with appropriate learning environments (Khemmani, 2010).
In addition to the skills mentioned above, active learning also helps learners develop creative thinking skills, which are essential for learners in the 21 st century.The creative thinking skills encourage learners to be self-reliant, creative, and eager to learn while enabling them to learn on their own, practice thinking, deal with different situations, and apply their knowledge to prevent and solve problems.These skills are said to equip learners with desirable characteristics in terms of thinking, i.e., problem-solving and creativity, which shall help learners cope with any problems in various situations in their daily life (Phunaploy, Chatwattana, & Piriyasurawong, 2021).
Imagineering learning is a thinking or learning process that combines the use of imagination with engineering techniques.Imagineering learning is employed to change conceptual images and abstract imaginations or concepts into concrete inventions and innovations.Such kind of learning is also used to find out solutions and create practical works, which is regarded as a new concept of learning management for the 21 st century learners.It is expected that imagineering learning will encourage learners to learn on their own, develop creativity, and create innovations (Chatwattana & Nilsook, 2017;Sreejun & Chatwattana, 2023).Once implementing education activities based on imagineering learning, human imagination will be used in order to bring ideas into reality.This process will transform the abstract concepts into concrete understandings, which can eventually be applied in a practical manner (Nilsook, 2013).Nilsook et al. (2014) summarised the imagineering learning process into six steps as follows: imagine, design, develop, present, improve, and evaluate.These aspects allow students to learn by themselves, encouraging them to bring their imagination into reality, which will finally lead to concrete inventions, works, or innovations.
Metaverse is a virtual reality in which several individuals can interact with one another via 3D images in a real-time virtual environment.Many people can show up in the same virtual space in the form of avatars.Avatars can be personalised in order to represent specific expressions of each person, which is believed to increase learners' interest and engagement (Mystakidis, 2022).Thus, the metaverse is a virtual environment in the digital space that is fabricated to allow people to interact and do activities together through their avatars (Chatwattana et al., 2023).The said activities may include conferences, meetings, talks, contacts, traveling, entertainment, etc., all of which can be performed through the virtual community with the aid of some technologies and accessories (Suzuki et al., 2020).
Creative thinking skills refer to the abilities of the brain related to divergent thinking, which will lead to the discovery of new things.This includes ways of thinking with adaptation, modification, and integration with the aim of creating new things (Wanglang & Chatwattana, 2023).It may also refer to the successful invention of theoretical principles based on accumulated knowledge and experiences, leading to the creation of new or extended concepts, theories, tools, inventions, and innovations that can be used to solve problems (Nittayathammakul et al., 2023).
In reference to the aforementioned principles and theories, the researchers have had an idea to develop the ILM model for use as a guideline to promote creative thinking skills in the digital age.In this learning model, the learners had participated in the imagineering learning activities and then presented their works via the metaverse.This process is regarded as a new concept of learning management corresponding to the development of characteristics of the 21 st century learners, which encourages learners to learn on their own, develop creativity, and create innovations.

Research Objectives and Hypothesis
• To synthesise the conceptual framework of the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills.
• To develop the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills.
• To study the results of the development of the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills.The hypothesis is that the overall suitability of the development of the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills is at a high level.

Research Methodology
This research is related to the design and development of the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills, and the research methodology is as follows:

Sample Groups
The sample groups are seven experts from different institutions in higher education.

Research Instruments
The tools employed in this research consist of (1) the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills, and (2) the evaluation form on the suitability of the ILM model to promote creative thinking skills.

Results
The result follows:

Results
After the s instruction obtained th

Results
In the dev learning sy combined could do a Figure 3.   1 and Table 2 In reference to Table 1, it is found that the overall suitability of the development of the ILM model (overall elements) is at the highest level (Mean = 4.88, SD = 0.14).This can be concluded that the ILM model has complete elements and it can be used as a guideline to develop the imagineering learning system via metaverse.Thereby, this kind of learning is believed to encourage learners to develop creative thinking skills, the essential skills for learners in the 21 st century, through virtual learning that uses metaverse technology to promote learning in the digital world.According to Table 2, it can be clearly seen that the overall suitability of the development of the ILM model is at the highest level (Mean = 4.90, SD = 0.18).This can be summarized that the ILM model contains the elements that can be used as guidelines to develop the imagineering learning system via metaverse.Thereby, it is expected that this kind of learning system can encourage learners to develop creative thinking skills, which are essential for learners in the 21 st century.

Conclusions and Discussions
The ILM model is a kind of learning model that was developed by applying the concepts of virtual technology in the instruction management, which is consistent and appropriate for learners in the digital age, so that they are able to learn anywhere and anytime by means of the brand-new teaching innovations.
According to the results of evaluation, it is found that (1) the overall suitability of the development of the ILM model (overall elements) is at the highest level (Mean = 4.88, SD = 0.14), and (2) the overall suitability of the development of the ILM model is at the highest level (Mean = 4.90, SD = 0.18).Referring to the evaluation above, it can be concluded that the ILM model contains the suitable elements that can be used as guidelines to further develop the imagineering learning system via metaverse.It is believed that such kind of learning system can encourage learners to develop creative thinking skills, which are essential for learners in the 21 st century.This is in line with the research of Nilsook, Chatwattana, & Seechaliao (2021), who stated that the project-based learning management based on the concepts of imagineering learning is considered an instruction method that is corresponding to the development of vocational students in Thailand.The instruction management of this kind is aimed to provide these students with the skills needed to create inventions and innovations.At the meantime, the students are encouraged to develop the characteristics that enable them to know how to present their works, discuss and communicate with others, become more creative with good judgment, and collaborate well with others.Furthermore, it is in compliance to the research of Sapliyan, Chatwattana, & Nilsook (2023), who mentioned that the application of virtual world technologies and platforms along with the new normal teaching platforms can facilitate the continuous learning, which can be conducted anytime and anywhere by making use of technologies and applying them in educational management in Thailand.Also, this is considered an optimal way to promote young innovators in the digital age.
Figure 1.Re Figure 3 re 1) The inp elements a and (5) lea 2) The im develop, (4 the manag learners in Each of th Imagine: identify problem, brainstorm, discuss, and analyze feasibility (2) Design: draft, storyboard, script, and prototype (3) Develop: create and test (4) Present: show, contest, and suggestion (5) Improve: revise and conclusion (6) Evaluate: process evaluation and product evaluation 3) Output includes (1) learning achievement, and (2) creative thinking skills.4) Feedback refers to (1) results of evaluation on creative thinking skills, and (2) results of evaluation on learning achievement.The study results of the development of the ILM model with seven experts in this research who were derived by means of purposive sampling are shown in Tables

Table 1 .
. Results of evaluation on the suitability of the development of the ILM model (overall elements) The design of the ILM model contains principles and concepts that can be used as the basis for developing the instruction systems.The overall elements of the design of the ILM model is complete and it can be used as a guideline to develop the design of imagineering learning via metaverse to promote creative thinking skills in the future.

Table 2 .
Results of evaluation on the suitability of the development of the ILM model