The Effectiveness of Designing and Using a Practical Interactive Lesson based on ADDIE Model to Enhance Students ’ Learning Performances in University of Tabuk

Traditional teaching is one of the most common types of education, but with the explosive technologies, Traditional teaching could not be effective. Therefore, adopting and utilizing computer and communication technology in education became most important to make the learning more active, but before utilizing technology in education, instructors need to ensure of suiting the technology with the students’ abilities and characteristics based on Instructional design models, With the tremendous development of technology and the enhancement of student performance. In this paper, an interactive lesson designed based on ADDIE Model. Students divided into two groups; a control group and experimental group each group had 36 students to evaluate the effectiveness of using the interactive lesson and its role in enhancing students’ Learning Performance. The lesson had several stages; starting from having a useful design based on ADDIE Model, then provided a demo to the students to understand the knowledge. After that, the lesson presented in an interactive way, assistance’s hints provided to students during their learning process and reviewing the initial demo was available for the whole lesson. The effectiveness of this design has been measured, and results in both groups in this study compared, the experimental group showed statistically significant on students’ performances with a mean score of 5.45 versus 4.24 for the control group.


Introduce the Problem
Students in this era has many different characters than the last two eras, they have been growing with technology and this technology became part of their daily life, but some schools take them back to the last century by using traditional ways of teaching by focusing on teacher-centered learning, which teachers manage and deliver knowledge to students, and the only role for students is receive knowledge and memorize it "The educational system may need to utilize and compete with the new Information and communication technologies and benefit from them.There are lots of possibilities of such utilization" (Nusir et al., 2011, p. 49).In addition, using practical interactive learning will help students of special needs and disabilities.According to (Nusir et al., 2011, p. 49) "Students who have visual, or hearing problems may not be able to see or hear well the class material especially when class size is large."However, schools and colleges should adopt a new way of teaching, which make their students enjoying the lesson and more active, Nusir et al. (2011) were reported "new technologies can provide a solution to this problem by recording different teacher courses or through an e-learning system.A new interactive educational system may provide solutions to the problems in the traditional educational systems" (p.49).However, to ensure students involved in the learning process instructors and teachers need to use effective way to encourage students and catch their attention by use new way of teaching and change their environment and their role from teacher-centered learning environment to student-centered learning environment and their role from only receivers to active students, which, utilizing technology in education became most important to make the learning more active, (Hoidn, 2017;Nozari & Siamian, 2015).Student-centered learning "students become the center of the learning process by influencing the content, activities, materials, and pace of learning.If properly implemented, the SCI approach strengthens retention of knowledge and increases motivation to learn" (Collins & O'Brien, 2003, p. 446).
In addition, there is a necessary step need to be done before utilizing technology in education, instructors to ensure of technologies are suiting with the students' abilities and characteristics, this step is checking the Instructional design models before building an instruction or adoption fit with students and doing their roles correctly by design in the instruction or choose the technology based on one if the instructional design models, such as ADDIE and ASSURE; these models draw the whole picture and make the view more clear and effect before and during building the design, and choose the right and effective tool or program to build and deliver the interactive lesson.Adopting technology in any class could be in many ways, but in the student-centered learning, this adopting has to make students more active in the class.In this paper, the lesson has been built based on two elements; the first one is the theoretical element, which based on ADDIE model and the second one based on Adobe Captivate the practical element to build the interactive multimedia easily to enhance students' learning performance (Branch, 2010;Zhang et al., 2006).

Purpose and Significance of the Study
The purpose of this study was to investigate if there is an effect of using a practical interactive lesson has been designed based on instructional design models and used Adobe Captivate to find the effectiveness of the design lesson on students' performance and comparing the results between pre-test and post-test for both groups and find the value of using the interactive lesson of making the learning easily and quickly.

Interactive Learning
The interactive learning is defined by involving students in effective learning activities by adopting more technologies beyond the traditional learning boundaries with predominately interactive learning environments to help students to achieve a higher level of learning and enhancing their learning performance (Tchoshanov, 2013).Instructors can create an interactive learning environment in many ways, but the most comments are to use Computers to present the interactive learning, according to Selinger (2001): Computers can present information in ways in which teachers are unable; they can present information in multimedia formats allowing users to select and experience new knowledge in a text, graphics, sounds or video; make use of hyperlinks to link concepts together.It allows the [student] to make choices about the medium through which they learn and present them with a wide range of hitherto unimaginable resources.(p. 5) In addition, by reviewing many of studies over the years, such as Merkt et al., 2011;Sariscsany & Pettigrew, 1997;Schwan & Riempp, 2004;Zhang et al., 2006;Nozari & Siamian, 2015;Teye, 2011;Nusir et al., 2011) have shown that students' performances have been raised and became more enjoyable based on use interactive learning and were more successful than non-interactive students group.According to Najjar "learning was higher when information was presented via computer-based multimedia systems than traditional classroom lectures" (1996, p. 30), interactive learning environment offers to students the opportunities to increase their self-directed and develop their performance (Zhang et al., 2006).Interactive learning is a strategy that attempts to provide spaces committed to purposeful learning in a way that follows the spaces in which students will achieve information and knowledge that have been learned, in a study applied in Jourdan the researchers found "interactive enhanced learning can provide a very useful alternative for traditional education especially in cases where it is not applicable to teach through traditional methods" (Nusir et al., 2011, p. 50).The ADDIE model applied to instructional design provides a way to address the complexities associated with learning space (Branch, 2010).Interactive learning to be more effective needs to design in the right way to achieve the lesson outcomes and make the lesson more effective.(Holzinger et al., 2009) study addressed the effects of using interactive learning lesson by using simulation to teach 96 medicine students a physiological model, they used three ways to teach their students; traditional way, interactive way, and interactive way with combination of additional material and support.In the results they found students in the first two way had the same result, however, the last way when they used additional materials with the interactive lesson conceded a significantly higher learning performance.The increasing of technologies has made implementing technologies and designing interactive learning system a basic requirement in the education system to ensure students not be behind in their schools because they are living in the technologies world and made a significant impact on the evolvement of teaching methods from traditional face-to-face teaching to interactive learning.It is additionally expected that the future will see a greater amount of the usage of new ways of interactive learning ways.They concluded that interactive lesson can be effective but "the inclusion of pedagogical and psychological expertise into the design and development of educational software is essential" (p.1), which shows any design should to build based on educational background based on instructional design models to from the begging to students' needs.However,

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Convey and offer multiscreen.
• Can utilize activity contents to make greater intuitiveness.
• Can recordings screen.
• Can include web objects.
• Can include web objects.
Sharing own designed project made with Adobe Captivate is to take place next.At this point, we need to ensure that all the project needs are met to the complete end.Adobe Captivate has been effective in the delivery and the active distribution of learning experiences.This has been achieved for location-specific sharing among multiple screens in a device aware fashion without necessarily depending on programming techniques.The interactive lesson designed based on Adobe Captivate successfully created engaging interactive sessions (Ghirardini, 2011).It contributed largely to the better performance of the students as used in lymphoma and leukemia interactive online modules to facilitate the learning for medical students in senior study stage (Pather et al., 2016).The emergence of e-learning technologies and the existence of the electronic learning interaction programs have had an intense and immediate transformation of the education systems.It is argued that it has played a crucial role in response to the global competition and increased quality of learning experiences (Anderson, 2008).

Research Question
To achieve Purpose and Significance of the study, this study will answer the following question: Does using practical interactive lesson based on ADDIE model enhance students' learning performance?

Null Hypothesis
answer the study's question in the right way, the study needs to check these two hypotheses, to ensure the effectiveness of using the practical interactive lesson: 1) There are no statistically significant differences in pre-test for the control and experimental groups in students' performances.
2) There are no statistically significant differences between the control and experimental groups in students' performances based on using the practical interactive lesson.

Limitation
This study has a limitation of students by focusing on freshmen students who attended Communication College because these students have lower GPA in their High-schools Diploma.The study has been applied in the second semester of the Academic year 2018 at University of Tabuk.In addition, another limitation was the course selected; Foundation Course of Computer Skills, specific to Excel Unit.

Designing the Experiment
The lesson has been designed based on two ways; theoretical way, which designing the lesson based on ADDIE model to ensure the lesson build in the right theoretically way, basing the ideology on the ADDIE model, through its five phases: analysis the students characteristics to choose and design the interactive lesson based on their needs and consistent with students' characteristics.The second phase in ADDIE model is designing the lesson after drawing the whole picture of the lesson, this design counting as a draft because after the design completed the designers run it for checking and reviewing, which is the next phase in ADDIE, development, which designers review the result from the pilot study and their comments and the experts' evaluations to develop the design to make it more professional and stable.In this case, a pilot study of students has been choosing to use the design and some experts have been asked to evaluate the design, this called formative evaluation which is part of the evaluation phase.Elevation phase listed at the end of the ADDIE model, but in fact, it is liberal and effect in all phases, (see Figure 1).After the designers finish the developing phase based on experts' evaluations (5 professors; 2 in the education field and 3 in computer science field) and the pilot study result (7 students) from the design become ready to use and implement the design to actual, this is the implementation phase in ADDIE.The last phase in the model is evaluation, its order became the last one, but it is applying in all the previous phases and evaluation divided into two phases; formative evaluation, which became during the effect by t 2010).Sec transfer th by Adobe students to application students du guide the s interactive Figure 4), of the resu org design and su to find the effe cond way of th he design in re Captivate to e o understand ns, the second uring their lea students on ea e lesson is the and testing th ults (Horton,20 ummative eval ective of using he designing th al lesson to de enhance studen the knowledg d section is the arning process ach step of usin assessment pa e effectiveness 011).In addition, after the lesson has been delivered in both ways; traditional teaching and practical interactive, a post-test has been presented to both groups to find out the development of students' performances and measure the effectiveness of using the practical interactive lesson, the results showed there are improving in the students' performances in both groups from the pre-test and post-test, and the experiment group had higher improving in the mean score of students' performances (see Table 2).Furthermore, after results showed improved in the students' performances in both groups, and this improved was higher in the experimental group by 1.21 in the mean score, testing this improve necessary to check it is a significate improving or not, the result showed that, the students' performances during used the practical interactive lesson had higher mean score and this difference was significant which means using the designed practical interactive lesson has higher impact of developing and improving students' performances (see Table 3).

Discussion and Conclusion
This study was designed to find out the improving and developing of students' performances toward designing and using practical interactive lesson based on ADDIE model.The main question was asked to find that out.In addition, two hypotheses were used to answer the study's question; these hypotheses had been tested through T-test to check its results, the first hypothesis was to find out students' performances and to check out there were in the same stage of the unit before running through the course, and the second one to figured out the effectiveness of using the practical interactive lesson on students' performances.Founding there are no statistically significant differences in pre-test for the control and experimental groups in students' performances, mean the two groups were equal and students in these groups had the same level of the information and knowledge about Excel, which makes the study stronger by ensuring the only variable has the effectiveness.However, after tested the results of pre-test and post-test for both groups and found the t-test for them to check the signification the results proved the two lessons had been positively effective to improve and develop students' performances toward learning Excel, and statically approved the practical interactive lesson has higher impact than the traditional teaching method, which answered the study's question "does using practical interactive lesson based on ADDIE model enhance students' learning performance?"which shown and approved that, students' performances had been effective positively based on used a well-designed practical interactive lesson.For instance, this result agreed with many studies, such as Merkt et al., 2011;Sariscsany & Pettigrew, 1997;Schwan & Riempp, 2004;Zhang et al., 2006;Nozari & Siamian, 2015;Teye, 2011;Nusir et al., 2011), it has been used on lymphoma and leukemia interactive online modules to facilitate the learning for medical students in senior study stage between 2007 and 2009 (Pather et al., 2016).The impact on students' learning was remarkable.This level of success of the design is attributed to the inherent interaction ability.
Based on the results of the study, the researcher can conclude that using different methods of teaching are useful, even the traditional method, but adopting practical interactive teaching will promote students' knowledge and performances and increase them to be more active and cooperating with their peer, therefore, both methods should be considered in teaching students, but with focusing on the interactive method in order to improve learning preferences and to suit different learning experiences of students.In addition, ADDIE models are flexible and build effective training and, subsequently, the performance of students, based on the experts' reviews.The effectiveness of the design can be examined to determine the level of performance and satisfaction level of the results (Horton, 2011).The practical interactive lesson had been designed in accordance with the ADDIE model have a more effective learning and better performances of students rather than traditional teaching way.The impact on students' learning was remarkable and the success is attributed to the inherent interaction ability, feedback program, and integration with the study program.In the effort to make it more effective and improve students' performance, the effectiveness of the Adobe Captivate based on the ADDIE model will be evident from many perspectives.This will be reflected in the performance of the tests issued for assessment of the understanding by the students, and one of the most impacted points has been showed and recorded by the instructor; students became more active and more cooperation with their peer in the practical interactive lesson.In addition, an open question provided to students who were in the experiment group and controller group about their perceptions of methods of delivering the lesson at the end of the lesson.students in the experimental group were very excited about the interactive lesson and they felt it is touching their need and it is designed exactly for them because they did not feel behind, and the design gave them the chance to have exercising at home and to review the lesson much time as they want to get all points clear and easy.In another hand, students took the traditional lesson said they had a hard time to understand the whole lesson especially when they had to miss the class or became late, in addition, some difficult parts to understand, and they have to meet the instructor in class to ask about the un-understandable points.

Table 2 .
Mean scores of the pre-test and post-test for both groups

Table 3 .
Result of t-test of post-test between experimental group and control group