The Effectiveness Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine Compared to Trichoderma on Oil Palm Plantations That Infected by Ganoderma boninense

Basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense causes fall and death of oil palm crops, and will drastically reduce plantation productivity by up to 50% and become one of the most serious problems in oil palm cultivation. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS®), as a biocontrol agent against the suppression of Ganoderma disease that infects oil palm trees in-field conditions. This research was conducted from early 2016 to the end of 2020 in a plantation located in Langkat area, North Sumatra by using 216 trees on 1 block as a sample experiment. Plants that infected with Ganoderma is treated with T1 treatment (MOAFTM & CHIPS®) shows the value of Disease Severity Index (DSI) decreasing to 37.50%, compare to T2 treatment (NPK Granular Fertilizer 13-6-27 & Trichoderma bio fungicides) which has DSI value of 100% in week 232 (in 2020) and C1 treatment (control) with the highest DSI value of 100% in week 212 (in 2020). The conclusions of this study shows that the treatment of T1 (MOAFTM & CHIPS®) is more successful in eradicating Ganoderma and have the highest profit ratio than any other treatments. The results of this study are useful as references for in-field inspection and large-scale production.


Introduction
Ganoderma boninense is an eukaryotic organism classified into groups of fungi. Ganoderma gets food heterotrophically by taking food from organic compounds on its surrounding. These organic compounds will be converted into simple molecules and absorbed directly by hyphae. Ganoderma boninense is a saprophyte (can live on plant remains) and will turn pathogenic when living nearby to the roots of oil palm plants (Boulord et al., 2017;Jing, 2007;Paterson, 2007).
Oil palm plantations play an important role in life, such as food sources, raw material sources to global industries, and provide job opportunities. At a time when Indonesia is facing an economic crisis, the palm oil industry is one of the mainstays of agro-industries that hold foreign exchange for the country (Susanto et al., 2013). However, oil palm plantations have many problems with pests and diseases such as basal stem rot caused by Ganoderma boninense (Mohd & Faridah, 2008).
The negative impact of Ganoderma caused the fall and death of oil palm crops, thus drastically reducing plantation productivity (Sundram et al., 2008). This causes most palm oil businesses to expand their oil palm plantation (extension) which can damage the environment (Liza et al., 2018;. One of the efforts to increase oil palm tree productivity without damaging the environment is by maximizing oil palm production on existing plantations itself (Cooper et al., 2021;Darmono et al., 2014). This is based on in-depth research through careful observation, producing a solution, resulting in new findings of Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS®). This fungi vaccine is high technology generation and environmentally friendly so that basal stem Rot (BSR) disease can be controlled and the economic deterioration of oil palm plantations in Indonesia can be prevented. The invention of CHIPS® is the first step to reduce conversion of forest and peatland for extension of oil palm plantation.

Census
Before the this study Figure 2.

Sample
From 216 from the sy and stage I

Resear
In this stu infected an is applied seen in Tab

Treatment
In C1 treatment as a control where the samples only use NPK Granular fertilizer 13-627.
In T1 treatment, eradication is carried out using MOAF ™ as fertilizer and CHIPS ® as Ganoderma biocontrol.
-MOAF™ application: (1) MOAF™ fertilizer is sprinkled on crop discs with a dose of 3 kg/tree/6 month which aims to increase crop yield of palm oil fruit.
(2) CHIPS ® applied on the crop discs with a dose of 3 kg/tree and re-application after 2 years and 6 months.
(2) Trichoderma bio fungicides is sprinkled on crop discss with a dose of 400 gr/tree/6 month.

Disease Severity Index (DSI)
Plants diagnosed with disease on scale 0 to IV stages (Table 1). Each stage of disease is determined for each control treatment samples (C1) and treatment samples (T1 and T2), Disease Severity Index is calculated as follows below.
DSI values were analyzed using non-parametric techniques (Friedman test) SPSS version 19.0. DSI is calculated in every 4 weeks for 5 year based on the following formula: where, A: Stage (0, I, II, III or IV); B: Number of plants at each stage/control treatment.

Results
From the observation, result of Colonized System of Ganoderma Vaccine (CHIPS ® ) compared to Trichoderma bio fungicides on trees that got infected with Ganoderma boninense in 2016-2020 on oil palm plantation located in Langkat area, North Sumatra can be seen in Table 3.       In Among all treatments for C1, T1, and T2, it can be known that the highest R-C ratio value is in T1 treatment (MOAF™ & CHIPS®) amounting to 3.39 which is the most profitable treatment.

Conclusion
T1 treatment applied with MOAF™ & CHIPS® is the most effective treatment that can be seen from decreased DSI value from 43.75% to 37.50% and shows better recovery than other treatments. Proliferation of fungal biocontrol agents in CHIPS® affects the success of Ganoderma suppression in the field. For T2 treatment by using NPK Granular Fertilizer 13-6-27 & Trichoderma bio fungicides which has increased the value of DSI from 43.75% to 100% in week 232 (2020). Treatment C1 (control) has the highest increase DSI value that reach 100% in week 212 (2020). If the DSI value is higher, the possibility of fall and dead trees is higher too. This experiment shows that T1 treatment (MOAF™ and CHIPS®) showed significant difference and successful treatment compared to other treatments and had the highest profit or Revenue to Cost Ratio of 3.39.