Growth and Micronutrients Contents of Smell Pepper ( Capsicum chinense Jac . ) Submitted to Organic Fertilizer

The results of research with smell pepper cultivation are still incomplete and preliminary, especially regarding organic fertilizing and nutritional status. The aims of study were to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer produced from family agriculture waste on growth and nutritional status of smell pepper. An experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, in Belém city, State of Pará, in period from January to April 2012. The experimental design was completely randomized, with five treatments and four replications, in which each experimental plot being made of a vase with a volume of 3.6 dm of soil and a smell pepper seedling. Five rates of organic fertilizer (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, and 60%) were tested out of the total volume of substrate. The organic fertilizer were formed by mixing chicken manure (10%), duck manure (20%), cassava peel (15%), cassava leaf (15%), bean straw (15%), rice husk (15%), and corn cob (10%). The different amounts of organic fertilizer were mixed in volumetric proportions of substrate of Yellow Latosol, sandy texture, taken from the surface layer (0-20 cm). It was founded that at 103 days, the best results were achieved with a rate of 60% of the organic fertilizer. The content and accumulation of micronutrients in leaf tissue of smell pepper plants followed this descending order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, and Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, respectively. In fruits, the content, accumulation, and extraction of micronutrients followed this order: Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu.


Introduction
The peppers cultivation occurs in all regions of Brazil, being one of main crops of family agriculture and small-farmer-agro-industry integration.The region of greatest genetic diversity is in Amazon, in which indigenous peoples were responsible for domestication of the species (Reifschneider, 2000).Fonseca, Lopes, Willian, Lopes, and Ferreira (2008) identified a large variation of classes in fruit traits: nine colors, four shapes and a wide variety of variation in fruit size and weight.similar among the crops (Pinto, Lima, Salgado, & Caliman, 2006), thus, use of organic fertilizers, can be an important alternative for pepper nutrition (Oliveira et al., 2014).The organic production system is an efficient alternative the conservation of soil and environment and has been used by small and medium farmers, aiming not only to obtain profit, but also to ensure the sustainability in use of agricultural soils, allowing less dependence on agricultural products (Pimentel, De-Polli, & Lana, 2009).In Pará state, there is a considerable amount of organic waste, such as cattle manure, chicken manure, annual crop residues, and wood and cassava industries, showing the importance of organic fertilization, or even association with mineral fertilization, as an alternative for agricultural producers in Amazon region.
Although smell pepper (Capsicum chinense Jac.) is easily found in northern Brazil, there is little availability of scientific information on crop and none on micronutrients requirements.Malavolta, Malavolta, Cabral and Carvalho (1991) verified that micronutrients requirements in chilli pepper (Capsicum frutescens) were Fe > B > Mn > Zn > Cu, highlight the relatively high value of boron.
Chemical composition and accumulation of nutrients in leaves and fruits are essential information to know the nutritional requirements (Viégas, Sousa, Silva, Carvalho, & Lima, 2013), being used to estimate the amount of nutrients to be supplied to plants through fertilization (Laviola & Dias, 2008).Thus, the aims of study were to evaluate the effect of rates of organic fertilizer produced from family agriculture waste on growth and nutritional status of smell pepper.

Experimental Site
The experiment was conducted from January to April 2012, in a greenhouse, at Federal Rural University of Amazonia in Belém city, Pará state, Brazil, located at geographical coordinates 01º26′00″ S and 48º26′00″ W. The climate according to classification of Köeppen is Af2 type, equatorial regions rainy, hot and humid, with average annual rainfall between 2500 to 3000 mm, practically without dry periods or with a maximum of one to two months.The average annual temperature varies from 27 to 30 ºC, with small oscillations of 1 to 3 ºC during the year.Inside the greenhouse the temperature ranged from 26 to 35 ºC.The luminous intensity inside and outside the greenhouse during the experiment period was of 321 and 694 lux, respectively, measured with digital luximeter (Instrutherm, model LD-206).

Soil Sampling and Analysis
The quantities of organic fertilizers were mixed in volumetric proportions with the soil classified as Yellow Latosol (Embrapa, 2013), sandy texture, collected in arable layer (0-20 cm) an area of secondary vegetation, in Moju city, Pará State, Brazil, for chemical and physical characterization of soil.

Conducting the Experiment
Each experimental plot was consisted of one pot (3.6 dm 3 ) containing 1 plant of smell pepper.Soil moisture was maintained between 60% and 80% of total soil porosity, using demineralized water, and the control was done by pot weighing.

Determination of Growth and Production Parameters
At 103 days after sowing, vegetative growth assessments were performed: plant height (cm), number of leaves, stem diameter (mm), fresh and dry matter (g), number of fruits, fresh and dried fruit matter (g), and fruit production (g).
To determine the plant height was used a graduated ruler from base to apex of plant, and stem diameter was obtained using a digital caliper (Alhrout, 2017).The fresh and dry matter of smell pepper was obtained by sum of stem, leaves, and roots.To obtain the dry matter were placed separately (stem, leaves, and roots) in papper bags and sent to a dried in an oven with forced air circulation at 60 ºC, until reaching a constant mass (Sá et al., 2017).After, the dried samples were ground in a Wiley mill (20-mesh size).

Laboratory Analysis of Plant Material
After the mill processing, the samples were submitted to Laboratory of Mineral Nutrition of Plants (Universidade Federal de Viçosa) to determine the micronutrient contents (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) in leaves and fruits of smell pepper (Malavolta, 2006).
For determination of Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu contents, the dry and ground vegetable material was submitted to nitroperchloric digestion, and quantified by atomic absorption spectrophotometry.B was analyzed after dry digestion (calcination in muffle at 550 °C) and determined by colorimetry using Azometrine-H method.

Experi
Experimen fertilizer in (Oliveira, The exper for rates of

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Table 1 .
Analysis of the organic waste at 130 days of composting