Consumer Buying Behavior During the Epidemics Spread: Through Application on COVID-19 Pandemic

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Introduction
The Coronavirus pandemic that swept the world as a result of the COVID-19 spread is one of the most important crises that changed the patterns of buying many essential goods (food and non-food items), as it has reclassified some goods from non-essential to essential and from private goods to shopping goods, for example, means of protection such as (gloves/masks) and disinfection tools (such as alcohol/detergents) and others, as the consumption rates thereof have increased unprecedentedly during the pandemic period (The Egyptian Cabinet's Information and Decision Support Center (IDSC), 2022). The spread of the virus led to a state of fear, anxiety and tension among individuals, affecting the general psychological state, which was described by the physicians as a general state of depression that afflicted individuals as a result of the spread of information on the severity of the virus and the rise in infection and mortality rates that swept the world, also as a finding of the precautionary measures applied by countries such as isolation, social distancing, directing citizens to wear masks and use means of disinfection and protection, etc. All these policies were reflected consequently on the psychological state of the consumer and his/her buying decisions, which varied from one person to another according to personal characteristics and the extent of financial stability (Yuen et al., 2021). Previous scientific studies have indicated that the state of tension that affects the consumer is one of the most important factors, which have an effect on his/her behavior and decisions during crises and extraordinary environmental circumstances (Hensel et al., 2012).
By applying the study to the coronavirus pandemic, the consumer responded to buying behavior that mitigates the states of fear, anxiety, stress and depression that afflicted him/her, as some individuals overbought some goods that were classified during the pandemic as essential goods (such as food, water, health products, medicines, personal protection means, and disinfectants, etc.) to gain a sense of safety and comfort, and others overused games and overbought various entertainment means (Bentall et al., 2021). In the attempt by individuals to take measures to overcome that crisis, one of the most important means of protection against this virus was the decision taken by individuals to get vaccinated. Although the epidemic was global, we find that the stages of the individual's behavior varied from one country to another, and also from one individual to another inside the affected the behavior of the consumer and changed buying decisions of the buyers to avoid any negative repercussions that occur in the future, affecting the volume of sales and profits.
In the previous literature and studies, a study by Arndt et al. (2004) confirmed (at that time) that external events surrounding the individual and threatening his safety stimulate a "compensatory response", where spending and buying rates increase as an attempt to alleviate fear and anxiety, to gain a sense of safety and comfort and to escape from the depression that may affect him, as the study considered that the buying and spending process is a compensatory mechanism to alleviate the state of tension, and since the buying motive may represent an attempt to regulate negative feelings, the actual need for the products purchased may sometimes be irrelevant and unnecessary for the individual (Kennett et al., 2012). Some literature has also suggested that stress can lead to an "active response" to an individual's buying behavior, increasing spending rates and "impulsive buying" (stress caused by the event may also lead to a "depressive mood" in some cases, and may reflect and develop into "dysfunctional" or "impulsive" behavior, which is known as "sudden desire to buy something associated with an excessive emotional response") (Burroughs et al., 2005).
The study by Duhachek et al. (2005) and Sneath et al. (2009) confirmed that changes in buying rates during the spread of fear and anxiety are often interpreted as a "self-protection" strategy that aims to protect the individual himself from depression and manage negative emotions to regain positive emotion.
In contrast, the study by Henry et al. (2011) emphasized that stress is an important factor in negatively affecting consumer behavior. Individuals may withdraw from the buying process, and not decide to buy, adopting a negative attitude as a result of stress, so their buying rates decrease.
As for the study by Jeżewska et al. (2020), it confirmed the need to classify products during crises or sudden events as essential and non-essential to better understand consumer behavior. The researchers also stressed that consumers may tend to be more willing to spend on the essential products (versus non-essential ones) according to the nature of each crisis, in exchange for the availability of daily products necessary for their survival, with the possibility of that some people may tend to buy quantities of food more than usual, increasing with higher levels of tension, given that they follow the strategy of "self-justification" when buying non-essential products as a means of pleasure and entertainment and a way to reduce boredom.
The study by Aquino et al. (2020) confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between income and levels of per capita expenditure during crises or sudden events, as buying essential products (for shopping to meet the basic needs) increases, as well as the "impulsive buying" of non-essential products (shopping for enjoyment) increases as an attempt to get rid of or reduce pain and tension.
The study by Lins et al. (2020) confirmed the existence of a positive relationship between "impulsive buying" and the state of panic that afflicted individuals during the outbreak of coronavirus, as the researchers described the buying behavior of consumers as a hasty behavior that lacks the careful consideration of information and alternatives available to the consumer, and that this situation has afflicted many consumers as a result of their fear of the infections and their poor psychological state.
The study by Di Crosta et al. (2021) also linked the anxiety, fear and depression that prevailed during the pandemic period and the consumer's buying behavior towards essential and non-essential products through some variables such as the individual's characteristics, financial stability and subjective justifications for the buying process, as it examined and analyzed whether there has been a change in the levels of spending of individuals during the first peak of infection? Has it been associated with changes in consumer categorization and buying of essential and non-essential products? This study concluded that the COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on consumer behavior, as spending levels increased, but buying both essential and non-essential products at the time raised the anxiety and panic states resulting from the poor psychological state that afflicted individuals.
A study by Bentall et al. (2021) also confirmed the raise in the consumers buying rates for some goods that the study classified as essential (such as food, water, health products, and medicines), as researchers analyzed it based on that the high levels of tension induces consumers, in general, to save money and increase spending rates, but only on products that are considered essential during the pandemic. Nielsen (2020) and the study by Cannito et al. (2021) confirmed that the increase in sales is related to essential products in particular, as the consumer spent on products that meet his/her basic needs, such as food, hygiene products, personal protection means, etc.
In this context, and referring to the circumstances and events that occurred during the pandemic, a study by ijms.ccsenet.org International Journal of Marketing Studies Vol. 15, No. 1;2023Esposti et al. (2021 indicated that there has been a change in the patterns of buying some shopping goods such as clothing, which decreased compared to some recreational products that sales thereof were increased. The study by Mitchell (2020) found a significant decrease in consumer spending on durable goods in the USA.
A study by Chirumbolo et al. (2021) did not ignore the impact of job Insecurity and uncertainty of survival, and its negative effect on consumer spending rates and buying decisions.
Analysis of the different psychological factors implied in consumers' behavior and changes to their buying decisions remains an area rarely understood and interpreted. In the case of (uncertain) threats, "mental behavior" usually becomes more dominant, prompting individuals to engage in behaviors that are interpreted as acts necessary for survival during those crises. Sometimes the rate of spending on recreational goods increases to help in getting rid of depression and tension (Dodgson et al., 2020).
In all cases, it is necessary to study what happened during the COVID-19 pandemic to learn therefrom when developing contemporary marketing policies and strategies facing crises or epidemics that may occur, which may negatively affect the sales rates and profitability of business organizations (Song et al., 2020).
As a study by Root (2020) predicted that policies calling for social distancing and wearing a face mask will hinder the ability of marketers to provide customers with satisfactory services, and thus this will be reflected on their buying decisions and their levels of satisfaction with the marketing services provided to them, therefore, the study expected large losses incurred by companies, impacting negatively on the economies of all countries in the near future.
As for the stages of the consumer's buying decision making process, we find that it consists of five basic stages, the first of which is identifying the problem (when the consumer recognizes his need for the product), then the second one is his behavior in searching for information about the product that will meet his desire and satisfy his need; then evaluating the alternative products; the decision to get vaccinated; and finally, the post-purchase evaluation, which refers to the state of satisfaction or dissatisfaction with the product (Nicosia, 1982).

Theoretical Framework
In this scientific paper, the stages of the consumer's decision to get vaccinated and choose one of the vaccines offered as one of the means of protection from COVID-19 will be applied, as the individual's decision to get vaccinated has gone through the following stages.
First Stage: The Emergence and Spread of the Virus: Since governments announced the discovery of infection cases on their lands and began to apply precautionary measures relied on policies of social distancing and the lockdown of shops and parks, many services stopped and some were provided remotely, such as education and health, and the rates of individuals' use of gyms, cafes, shopping malls, transportation, tourism, etc. decreased, and the consumer began to know more about the virus, the reasons for its emergence and the extent of its danger, and the world witnessed a state of fear, anxiety and depression, and the desire to prevent this disease and its consequences, and the consumer tended to buy health and personal hygiene products to be protected from the virus (Ruggless, 2020).
Second Stage: Search for Information: Consumers gathered information related to the virus and the ways that shall be adopted to be protected from it. They also followed the numbers of mortalities and infections and the news of the artists, politicians and celebrities who were infected, and were wondering about possible methods of protection. Developed countries rushed to discover and manufacture vaccines to prevent the risk of infection with this virus, amid an increased fear from community participation, physical contact or presence in retail stores, supermarkets, shopping malls, public transportation and… etc. …. Moreover, they followed many news sources such as the World Health Organization as well as local sources to identify the extent of the disease spread and follow up on the types of available vaccination and recognize the country of origin of each vaccine.
Third Stage: Evaluation of Alternatives: The consumer analyzed the information collected from the sources of the primary and secondary groups surrounding him and began to evaluate the types of vaccines provided by each country according to their capabilities and resources, so he began to recognize the vaccination doses of each vaccine and to choose from among the available vaccines, while at the same time he began to raise questions about the adverse effects of vaccination and the extent of the expected risks that may affect him in the future. Finally, the appropriate vaccine was chosen according to the perspective of each consumer, experience, perception and personal belief.
Fourth Stage: Buying Behavior: The consumer became ready to make his decision to choose the right vaccine, as consumers tried to reduce the perceived risks by seeking government support and also the social support from friends, family and specialized experts to determine the benefits of getting vaccinated or not, and in light of the  Vol. 15, No. 1;2023 uncertainty and despite the emergence of rumors linked to the interests of the companies that produce vaccines and under pressure from the governments of countries, the consumer chose to restore stability and safety to his life and resort to vaccination, despite the spread of rumors or (facts) that the disease was created by governments that have political interests with other countries, but many took their decision to get vaccinated and get rid of the state of public depression that afflicted them due to their continued isolation and fear of communicating with the outside community.
Fifth Stage: Post-Purchase Operations: After vaccination, some individuals were infected with the virus and entered the isolation hospital, which made some of them dissatisfied with the decision of getting vaccinated and regretted spending a part of their income on personal protection means, and some of them did not get vaccinate and did not spend any money on protection means, but they were not infected!! This study followed the stages of buying behavior by applying to the case of vaccination against the novel coronavirus in the Arab Republic of Egypt. The first stage is focused on compiling the volume of mortalities and infections during the previous two years from March 2020 to February 2022, and accordingly, a model that measures the rates of mortality to infection was prepared. The second stage was represented in the fifth part of the questionnaire, the third was represented in the fourth part of the study, the fourth stage was represented in the second and third parts, and the last stage was represented in the last (sixth) part of the form.
If we look closely, we will find that the effects of the coronavirus pandemic have been reflected in the elements of the marketing mix as follows: • Product: Attention to the safety and quality of products-the lifecycle of some products may vary according to the epidemics, crises, the ways of treatment thereof or prevention therefrom-the focus will be directed to packaging and wrapping-warranty and maintenance-the diversity of many similar shopping goods may decrease-the demand for product identification and determination of the country of origin clearly for the consumer will increase.
• Pricing: electronic payments, using bank credit cards, and public and private sectors instant payment applications will increase-forward pricing policies will vary-promotional pricing and securities will disappear and will be replaced by Block Chain-and virtual currencies.
• Distribution: The focus will be directed to shipping companies-displaying products through the company's website-limiting the role of intermediaries-and the use of mobile applications will increase-to increase the customer's confidence and safety.
• Promotion: Utilization of displays and posters (Outdoor) will decrease and the means of print publishing will disappear-use of 3D photography of products will increase using augmented and virtual reality on the company's website and social media, and the importance of reviewers-comments and social media influencers will increase and advertising will increase in virtual reality and metaverse environments -and prizes, gifts and discounts will spread therein and the customer will live an experiment that simulates the truth.

Study Aims
-To determine the elements and components of the marketing mix and the stages of the buying decision in light of the spread of epidemics by applying to the individual's decision to get vaccinated during the Covid-19 pandemic.
-To study the phenomenon of the spread of Covid-19 in the future represented in rates of death to the infection without exaggeration about monitoring thereof.
-To study the stages of the crisis and know the demographic characteristics that distinguish each stage separately.
-To identify the most important timing of the virus outbreak throughout the year.

Study Problem
The official reports issued by the This analysis aimed to reclassify the items into independent groups and to recognize the factors extracted after Orthogonal Rotation 'Varimax'.  The findings illustrated in the two previous tables confirmed that the most important factors that achieve the highest degree of explanation were as follows: -Buying and using disinfectants during the coronavirus pandemic. Its explanatory ratio reached 30.22%, followed by: -Buying and wearing masks by the head of the family and his family during the pandemic. Its explanatory ratio reached 25.843%, followed by: -Following the precautionary measures by the head of the family and his family. The explanatory ratio reached 19.817%.

Validity Test for the First Hypothesis of the Study
To test the validity of the first hypothesis, which states that "there is no clear trend in the mortalities due to infection with COVID-19, the researcher used Classical Time Series Analysis. To find out the future trends of mortality to infection ratio during the pandemic, which started in Egypt in March 2020 till the end of February 2022 (until the period of this study preparation). The findings of the first hypothesis are presented below.
-Time series plot during the study period The following figure ( Figure 2) shows the series data during the study period. From the general chart of the previous series, its data follows the decreasing trend, as it started with the number of 7.60 and ended with the number of 2.35. As for the rest of the observations, they tend to increase or decrease.

1) Study of the series secular tends
By studying the trends of the series in general and following the method of trial and error, it was found that the best mathematical curve mediating the observations came among linear and quadratic forms, and the following table shows the findings of the accuracy indicators in both of the linear and the quadratic relationships.   Based on the foregoing, we can more accurately determine the mathematical form of the secular trend model.
In the following, the findings of the seasonality according to each of the additive models, and multiplicative models are presented. The following two figures (Figures 5 and 6) show some of the charts of the seasonal indices for each of the two models as follows: The following table presents the findings of the seasonal indices in each of the two models as follows: 3) Findings of accuracy measures for both the additive and the multiplicative models The findings in the previous table confirmed the superiority of the findings of the three accuracy measures related to the multiplicative model in comparison to the additive model. The results of the three accuracy measures also confirmed that they are in favor of the results of the Multiplicative model. Based on the foregoing, we can reject the validity of the first hypothesis in an absolute manner.

Validity Test for the Second Hypothesis
To test the validity of the second hypothesis of the study, which states that "there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample in terms of some demographic variables about the follow-up of the number of infected persons, mortalities and recovering persons", the researcher used both tests: Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis.
1) Findings related to gender ( Table 1 in the Annexes) presents the findings related to gender, which confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences ijms.ccsenet.org International Journal of Marketing Studies Vol. 15, No. 1;2023 between the responses of both males and females with regard to "following up the cases of the celebrities who have recovered from coronavirus", as the value of the Mann-Whitney U Test (calculated Z 2.072), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.05). The Descriptive statisticsas well as the average of ranks in the table confirmed that these differences and variances were in favor of the responses of females. As for the other items, the findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of males and females, as none of them reached the level which makes one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least, which means that females are more interested than males in following up on the spread of the virus, especially if the matter is related to the celebrities.
2) Findings related to the nature of the work in terms of the extent of their interaction and dealing with the public ( Table 2 in the Annexes) The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences in terms of the nature of the work, as one of the values of the "Mann-Whitney test" did not reach the point that makes it significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least, as the nature and type of work did not play any role in the infection of individuals as they deal with the public directly or not, and this may be due to the role of the government in following many procedures that obligated banks, companies, and others, including reducing the labour force to 50% of its total capacity, as it imposed on everyone to follow precautionary measures and adhere to the distancing spaces prescribed between individuals in bodies, ministries, means of transportation, as well as in places of worship.
3) Findings related to marital status, especially dependency ( Table 3 in the Annexes) Illustrates the findings that confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences between the responses of parents who support or do not support dependents in terms of "following up on the daily numbers of mortalities". The "Man-Whitney test" reached the value of (calculated Z = 2.422), which confirms its statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05). The Descriptive statisticsin the table confirmed that these differences and variances were in favor of the responses of the sample of parents who do not support dependents, as they apply protection measures only to themselves. They have the time and effort to follow up on the numbers of infections and mortalities. As for the individuals considered under the study sample of dependency, they are most of the time interested in protecting and caring for their children and ensuring that their children or elderly dependents are wearing masks and using disinfectants and personal protection means. As for the other items, the findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of parents who support or do not support dependents, as none of them reached the level, which it makes one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least 4) Findings related to Educational Level: The findings ( Table 4 in the Annexes) confirmed the existence of "statistically significant differences in terms of educational level on the following elements: ① I followed with interest the daily numbers of infections The value of Kruskal-Wallis Test (Nonparametric Test) was (calculated Chi-squared = 14.141), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.01), with degrees of freedom, equals (3) and by conducting the "Man-Whitney test", it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the intermediate education level with the rest of the other levels (University Degree -Master's -PhD). These differences between the two categories came separately at a significance level of (0.01), except for the recent comparison between those having intermediate qualifications and those having PhD degrees, whose findings came at a significance level of (0.05) only. As for the rest of the comparisons, they did not achieve the lowest levels of significance, and therefore there is no statistical significance between the findings of the other categories.
② I followed with interest the daily numbers of mortalities The value of the Kruskal-Wallis test was (calculated Chi-squared = 10.445), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.05) with degrees of freedom equals (3), and by conducting the Mann-Whitney U test for two independent samples, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the respondents of intermediate education level, and the others reaching university level education and master's degree. As for the remaining comparisons, they did not achieve the lowest levels of significance, and therefore there is no statistical significance between the findings of the other comparisons.
③ I followed with interest the daily numbers of infections The value of the Kruskal-Wallis test (calculated Chi-squared = 10.035), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.05), with degrees of freedom (3) levels, and it reflects that there are significant differences between the intermediate level with both university and master's level at a significance level of (0.01) and with those holding PhD at the level of (0.05) only. The Descriptive statisticsconfirmed that these differences are in favor of the last three categories who were more interested in following up on the events compared to those who are holding a certificate of intermediate education.
As for other comparisons, they did not achieve the lowest level of significance (0.05) at least.
④ I followed with interest the cases of the celebrities who died due to coronavirus infection The value of the Kruskal-Wallis test was (calculated Chi-squared = 9.223), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.05) with degrees of freedom equals (3), and by conducting the Mann-Whitney U Test for two independent samples, it was found that there are statistically significant differences between the responses of the respondents of intermediate education level, and the others reaching university level education and master's degree at a significance level (0.01), and holders of PhD at the level of (0.05) only. As for the rest of the comparisons, they did not achieve the lowest levels of significance at (0.05) only. The Descriptive statisticsconfirmed that these differences are in favor of the last three groups who had the desire to know the course of events surrounding them compared to the holders of the certificate of intermediate education. This means that with the increase in the level of education, there is increased interest in following up on the deaths of celebrities.
As for the rest of the items, which are represented in the findings of the two items: -I had followed with interest the cases of the celebrities who have tested positive for the coronavirus -I had followed with interest the cases of the celebrities who have recovered from coronavirus Its results did not achieve the lowest levels of significance, as it did not achieve the lowest levels of significance of (0.05) at least.
5) The findings related to the income level: The findings in (Table 5 in the Annexes) confirmed That there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of individuals of different income levels at the level of the responses of the six elements, as one of the "Kruskal-Wallis" test values did not reach the minimum level of significance (0.05) at least. These findings indicate the state of anxiety and fear that reached the limit of depression, which was referred to by some of the aforementioned studies such as (Dodgson et al., 2020;Rajagopal, 2020).
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the second hypothesis in a partial manner, tending to the acceptance.

Validity Test for the Third Hypothesis
To test the validity of the third hypothesis of the study, which states that "there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the study sample in terms of some demographic variables about the use of disinfectants and personal protection tools and means during the coronavirus pandemic," the researcher used "T" test for two independent samples and one-way analysis of variance.
The findings of the validity test for the third hypothesis of the study are as follows:

1) Findings related to gender
The findings of ( Table 6 in the appendices) confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences in terms of gender about the private dimension "following the precautionary measures by the head of the family and their dependents". The value of the "T" test was (calculated T = 2.123), which confirms its statistical significance at the level of significance (0.05) with degrees of freedom (198), and the Descriptive statisticsconfirmed that these differences and variances were in favor of the male responses, the value of the arithmetic mean of their responses was (3.65 (compared to) 3.23) (only among females).
As for the findings: -Buying and using disinfectants during Covid-19 pandemic.
-Buying and wearing masks by the head of the family and their dependents The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of both males and females. This was confirmed by the Descriptive statisticsof their responses, represented by the values of the mean and average confidence interval of 95%.
2) Findings related to the nature of the job in terms of dealing with the public ( Table 7 in the Annexes) The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of the dimensions and variables of the use of disinfectants and personal protection tools in terms of the nature of the job and the extent of dealing with the public at the level of all three dimensions, as the values of the "T" test did not achieve the minimum, which makes one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least.

3) Findings related to marital status in terms of dependency (Table 8 in the Annexes)
The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences at the level of all three dimensions and variables in terms of the use of disinfectants and personal protection tools and the adoption of precautionary measures in terms of the nature of the marital status (dependency of the individual) at the level of all three dimensions, as the value of the "T" test did not achieve the minimum, which makes one of them at a significance level of (0.05) at least. 4) Findings related to educational level (Tables 9, 9-a, and 9-b in the Annexes) The findings in the three tables In the Annexes confirmed that there are statistically significant differences in terms of: -Buying and using disinfectants during COVID-19 pandemic.
-Buying and wearing masks by the head of the family and his dependents during the coronavirus pandemic.
The two values of the "F" test (calculated "F" = 4.606, 4.464), confirm their significance at a significance level of (0.01), with degrees of freedom (3,196). By conducting the Tukey test for multiple comparisons, it was found that these differences and variances occur between the responses of the intermediate qualification with the rest of the other educational levels-as it was found that these differences and variances were in favor of the responses of the other three levels (University Degree -Master's -PhD).

5) The findings related to the income level (Table 10 in the Annexes)
It presents the findings of the income level, where the findings confirmed the existence of statistically significant differences in terms of the private dimension "Buy and use of disinfectants during the coronavirus pandemic", the value of the "F" test (calculated "F" = 3.118), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.01) with degrees of freedom (3,196). As a finding of the Tukey test for multiple comparisons, it was found that these differences and variances occur between the responses of the low-income group with the responses of some other income groups, which are limited to 4000-, -6000, 10000-, 30000 and more.
The Descriptive statisticsemphasized that these differences and variances were in favor of the responses of the latter income groups.
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the third hypothesis in a partial manner, tending to the acceptance.
Findings of the fourth hypothesis validity test: To test the validity of four hypotheses, which stipulates the following: "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic variables about the decision of getting vaccinated."

Discussion
The researcher used: -"Z" test to study the difference between two independent sample ratios.
-"Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to identify the extent of independence between the two variables (Nonparametric Test). This test is often used as an alternative to the Chi-squared test to avoid some problems with the conditions of applying the Chi-squared test -Chi-squared testing for independence between two variables. Also, the previous hypothesis must be reformulated through the following sub-hypotheses.
Sub-hypothesis (1): "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic characteristics and the gender about the decision of getting vaccinated." Sub-hypothesis (2): "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic characteristics and the Jop, in particular dealing with the public.
Sub-hypothesis (3): "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic characteristics, marital status and dependency about the decision of getting vaccinated." Sub-hypothesis (4): "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic characteristics and educational qualification about the decision of getting vaccinated." Sub-hypothesis (5): "There is no difference of statistical significance in terms of some demographic variables about the decision of getting vaccinated." (Table 11 in the Annexes)

Findings of the Test of the Validity of the Tirst Sub-Hypothesis of the Fourth Hypothesis
The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the research sample's items about the decision to get vaccinated, according to gender. The findings of the "Z" test for the difference between two independent sample percentages and the "Kolmogorov-Smirnov test indicated that the extent of conviction about the importance and feasibility of vaccination as well as getting vaccinated are insignificant, as one of the two test values did not reach the point of making one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least.
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the first Sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis. (Table 12 In the Annexes)

Findings of the Test of the Validity of the Second Sub-Hypothesis of the Fourth Hypothesis
The findings of the second sub-hypothesis validation test, which states "there is no statistically significant difference in terms of some demographic characteristics (nature of work)" about the dimension of dealing with the public, were confirmed.
The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the research sample's items about the decision to get vaccinated in terms of dealing with the public. The findings of the "Z" test for the difference between two independent sample percentages and the "Kolmogorov-Smirnov test are insignificant, as one of the two test values did not reach the point of making one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least.
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the second Sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis. (Table 13 in the Annexes)

Findings of the Test of the Validity of the Third Sub-Hypothesis of the Fourth Hypothesis
It presents the findings of the third sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis validation test, which states that "there is no statistically significant difference in terms of some demographic characteristics (marital statusdependency)" about the decision of getting vaccinated. The findings therein confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the research sample's items about the decision to get vaccinated, with regard to marital status, especially the extent of dependency (crowding within the room), according to the findings of the "Z" test of the difference between two independent samples and the "Kolmogorov-Smirnov test", as one of the two test values did not reach the point of making one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least.
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the third Sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis. (Table 14 in the Annexes)

Findings of the Test of the Validity of the Fourth Sub-Hypothesis of the Fourth Hypothesis
It presents the findings of the fourth sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis validity test, which states that "there is no statistically significant difference in terms of some demographic characteristics (education qualification)" The findings confirmed that there are no statistically significant differences between the responses of the research sample's items about the decision to get vaccinated, according to the educational level, as stated in the findings of the Chi-squared test, which did not reach the level at which it makes one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least, Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the fourth Sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis.

Findings of the Test of the Validity of the Fifth Sub-Hypothesis of the Fourth Hypothesis
It states that "there is no statistically significant difference in terms of some demographic characteristics, which is the level of income about the decision to get vaccinated" (Table 15 in the Annexes), which confirmed the existence of a relationship between the educational level and each of: -Access to Vaccination: The value of the Chi-squared test was (calculated Chi-squared = 9.519). This confirms its significance at a significance level of (0.05). This was confirmed by the frequency and Percentage distribution, which varied according to the level of income. -Number of doses received by the individual: The value of the Chi-squared test was (calculated Chi-squared = 23.989), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level of (0.01) with degrees of freedom of "8", and this was confirmed by the frequency and Percentage distribution, which varied according to income levels.
-Vaccination Doses: The value of the Chi-squared test was (calculated Chi-squared = 36.453), which confirms its statistical significance at a significance level (0.01). This was confirmed by the frequency and Percentage distribution, which varied according to income levels.
As for the other items in the following: -The extent of conviction about the feasibility and importance of vaccination.
-The extent of spending on disinfection tools from monthly income.
Its results did not reach the level at which it makes one of them significant at a significance level of (0.05) at least, The findings confirmed that those with high incomes followed the types of vaccines to protect them from the virus and were interested in receiving the doses announced by the Ministry of Health.
Based on the foregoing, we can reject the validity of the fifth Sub-hypothesis of the fourth hypothesis in a partial manner, rather than tending to acceptance.
Based on the foregoing, we can accept the validity of the fourth hypothesis in a partial manner, tending to the acceptance.

Findings Testing the Validity of the Fifth Hypothesis, Which Stipulates the Following
"There is no relationship between demographic characteristics and infection and timing thereof at the level of all family members." The researcher used the two-way frequency table and independence test "Chi-squared test", where tables (16, 17 in the Annexes) showed the results of the fifth hypothesis validity test.
Which confirmed the existence of a relationship between infection with the virus (COVID-19) and people infected with the virus from family members. The person who is forced to deal with the public under the nature of his work, we find that the probability of infection is higher than that of others, and the matter increases with the possibility of transferring the virus to all members of his family. As for the rest of the comparisons, there are no statistically significant differences in terms of dealing with the public and the rest of the other demographic variables. The findings also confirmed that there is no relationship between the five demographic variables (gender -nature of work -dealing with the public -family's dependency -level of education -income level) and the timing of infection with the virus (before -after) receiving doses.
Strangely, some received the vaccination and spent out of their monthly income on disinfecting tools and used disinfectants and personal protection and received vaccination doses, but they were infected with the disease, and from the study sample there is one who did not spend, did not use disinfectants and did not get infected even when administering only one dose, as this virus does not follow the common logic and this may be because it is a case under study.  No. Hypothesis Table in the Appendix  Statistical Test  Mention Applicable  2  Table 1 Mann-Whitney U test Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 2 Mann-Whitney U test Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 3 Mann-Whitney U test Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 4 Kruskal-Wallis Test + Mann-Whitney U test Ranking Data for more than two Independent groups Table 5 Kruskal-Wallis Test + Mann-Whitney U test Ranking Data for more than two Independent groups 3 Table 6 Descriptive Statistics + T-test Real Data for two Independent groups Table 7 Descriptive Statistics + T-test Real Data for two Independent groups Table 8 Descriptive Statistics + T-test Real Data for two Independent groups Table 9 Descriptive Statistics + One-Way ANOVA + Tukey Real Data for more than two Independent groups Table 10 Descriptive Statistics + One-Way ANOVA + Tukey Real Data for more than two Independent groups 4 Table 11 Mann-Whitney U test + K-S Test Nominal and Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 12 Mann-Whitney U test + K-S Test Nominal and Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 13 Mann-Whitney U test + K-S Test Nominal and Ranking Data for two Independent groups Table 14 Chi-squared Test Testing for the Independency Table 15 Chi-squared Test Testing for the Independency 5 Table 16 Chi-squared Test Testing for the Independency

Conclusions
-There is an effect of the secular trend, and seasonality, on the trend of the time series for the ratio of mortalities to total infection during the study period. To further elaborate on the time series findings, the Multiplicative Model is the best and most representative of the findings of the Classic Time Series Analysis.
-Females are more interested than males in following up on cases of celebrities who have recovered from coronavirus.
-The educated and most cultured heads of families holding (University Degree -Master's -PhD) have represented the higher percentage in following the precautionary measures through buying and using disinfectants during the coronavirus pandemic period.
-Heads of the family having qualifications (University Degree -Master's -PhD) were interested in buying and wearing a mask for him and his dependents.
-The nature of the head of the family work in terms of (dealing with the public) does not affect his/her commitment to follow the precautionary measures.
-The educational level, especially (University Degree -Master's -PhD) has an effect on buying and using disinfectants during the Coronavirus pandemic, where the head of the family and his dependents are interested in emphasizing their use continuously.
-There is a difference in favor of middle-and high-income categories for buying and using disinfectants during the coronavirus pandemic (4000-, 6000-, 10,000+) compared to those under the low-income category (less than 2000).
-There is a keen interest in receiving vaccination doses recorded a higher percentage for high-income groups.
-There is a positive effect of vaccination doses in favor of those having higher income levels.
-There is no effect of demographic variables in the study in relation to infection of the individual and his/her dependents. -There is no effect of the study demographic variables on the timing of the infection (before -after) the vaccination.
-There is no relationship between the Jop in terms of dealing with customers and infection of any of the dependent.

Recommendations
-Understanding the psychological factors that are driving consumer behavior and choices of products is a crucial element that helps analyze recent consumer behavior, especially with these unprecedented events that the world has experienced and researchers should study it in depth due to the novelty of the virus despite its existence for two years ago.
-Dealing with a flexibility more than usual with crises that affect society. There are sometimes some constant and logical facts that may not be achieved during crises, and marketing decision-makers must deal with them using a set of non-current policies, procedures and solutions that need to change some of the traditional constants.
-The Ministry of Health should avail of the findings of this study, which were summarized in the presence of a seasonal spread of the disease in each country in comparison to the others, and in Egypt, it appeared clearly in the period of the Khamsin, which includes (March-April-May). The concerned authorities should take and apply all necessary measures that help to reduce the number of mortalities due to the virus before its spread, in addition to the need to pay attention to the elderly.
-Increasing the intermediate education segment's awareness of the disease severity and promoting their interest in applying and following the precautionary procedures.

Compliance with ethical standards
Conflict of Interest: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this paper.
Informed consent: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Data availability statements:
Data is available from the authors upon reasonable request.

Copyrights
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This is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).