The Study on the Plight and Countermeasures of Agricultural Products Export at Present in China

Expanding agricultural products export will not only promote agricultural economic growth but also has a very sustained and stable growth importance to farmers’ income. In the current financial crisis, the export of Agricultural products declines. This article expounds the characteristics of agricultural products export in china, analyzes the causes for the deterioration of the agricultural product export, puts forward the countermeasures to expand our agricultural exports.


Introduction
According to customs statistics, in 2008 the scale of China's agricultural exports exceeded 40 billion U.S. dollars, cumulative exports of 40.19 billion U.S. dollars, an increase of 9.8% over the previous year fell 8.2 percentage points.December exports of which 3.76 billion U.S. dollars, up 7.2 percent decline.

2.1
The scale of a single month export stability and the end of two months, exports have declined significantly.In 2009 China's export value of agricultural products of a single month except for February which is impacted by the the Lunar New Year holidays, the remaining were in a stable condition on the export of 3 billion to 3.5 billion dollars and the year-on-year growth rate has remained at 2 above the median.To November, December, even though the size of monthly exports were 3.47 billion dollars and 3.76 billion dollars, reversed the same period last year respectively for growth decreased by 6.9% and 7.2% (as in the figure below).

2.2
The general trade exports accounted for nearly 80 percents, and the growth of processing trade is becoming slowly.In 2009, China's general trade in agricultural products exported is up to 31.06 billion dollars, an increase of 11%, accounting for the total export value of China's agricultural products was 77.3%; the same period, exports of processing trade is 7.7 billion dollars, increased by only 1.9%, down 11.6 percentage points over the previous year.

2.3
The exports of foreign-invested enterprises are over 40 percents, the exports of private enterprises is rapid growth, state-owned enterprises export decline.2009, China's foreign-invested enterprises exported 17.1 billion dollars of agricultural products, an increase of 10% of the total export value of China's agricultural products was 42.5%; private enterprises exports of 14.49 billion dollars, the rapid growth of 24.6 percent, accounting for 36.1%;In addition, the state-owned enterprises exported 7.07 billion U.S. dollars, down 11.1%.

2.4
Japan remains the largest export market, the export to Europe, the United States and ASEAN is growing.2009, China's exports of agricultural products to Japan is 7.67 billion dollars, down 8%, accounting for the total export value of China's agricultural products was 19.1%; the same period, the European Union, the United States and ASEAN exports were 6.44 billion dollars, 5.12 billion dollars and 4.57 billion dollars, respectively, growth of 17.6%, 16.8% and 16.2%.

2.5
Vegetable is the largest export products, the export of edible vegetable oil is doubled.2009, China's vegetable exports of 6.44 billion dollars, an increase of 3.7 percent is the largest varieties of export value; the same period, water, seafood, animal products exports were 5.18 billion dollars and 4.38 billion dollars, respectively, an increase of 9% and 8.5%; fruit exports were 42.3 billion dollars, increase 12.8%; food exports 780 million dollars, down 64.5 percent.In addition, edible vegetable oil exports of 410 million dollars, an increase of 1.4 times.

The reasons for the decline of China's agricultural exports
By the impact of the global financial crisis and the decline of the prices of the international market agricultural products, to enter the second half of 2009, China's exports of agricultural products was obviously set back, except for price factors, the actual export volume of China's agriculture in 2008 (according to industry classification of the national economy) is felling greater than 20 percent, the decline in the months of November and December is more than 30%.The main reasons are:

3.1
The international financial crisis is becoming the main factor of restricting exports of agricultural products.The end of 2008 the United States at the outbreak of the credit crisis intensified, not only causing damage to the U.S. economy, the U.S. dollar, as well as the core of the U.S. economy, the world economy can not escape the global economic slowdown.Under the impact of recession in the global economy, China's exports of agricultural products in major markets such as Japan, the United States and the European Union market, a dramatic slowdown in consumer demand, a direct impact on China's agricultural exports

3.2
The international agricultural prices down shockly, and the competitiveness of our agricultural exports is declining.In 2009, the price of international staple agricultural products showed the trend of ups and downs, especially in the second half of year, the prices of agricultural products overall sharp decline.After loan crisis, in response to the consequences of economic recession resulted by the crisis, the Fed cut interest rates a row, coupled with an injection several times to increase the money supply on the market, such as measures to further the U.S. dollar led to the proliferation of the world, which led to U.S. dollar fell rapidly.By agricultural products, labor prices and the appreciation of the renminbi and other factors influence the cost of China's exports of agricultural products remains high, leading to decline in export competitiveness.

3.3
The issue of food quality and safety leads our agricultural exports into the credit crisis.The United States in 2009 is in the condition of the general election and the economic slowdown, in developed countries trade protectionist sentiment warming, the likelihood of trade conflict is increasing, the historical experience has shown that whenever the issue of the global economy arises, the trade protectionism will rise.In addition, in recent years, China's food exports because of the quality returned or repeated events such as block, and in 2008 the "dumpling poisoning", "Sanlu milk powder" incident came to light, which leads to the international market on China's food quality and safety of non-confidence increased, agricultural exports suffered increasing barriers to trade measures.

The measures of expanding China's agricultural exports 4.1
Optimizing the structure of export markets, and establishing a diversified market.The establishment of a wide range of global exports of agricultural products market system is an important way to expand the agricultural exports.Government should be full range, diversity and access to international markets.On the one hand, continue to consolidate and develop the depth of the existing markets, such as Japan, the European Union, the United States and ASEAN, and other traditional export markets, increase exports products to further expand the export of space; on the other hand, through a multi-level and multi-channel efforts to open up the Middle East and the Commonwealth of Independent States and other emerging agricultural export market, efforts to develop in Latin America, Africa and Oceania markets, optimize the structure of export markets, decentralized production and management and trade risk.Encourage the enterprises which have a competitive advantage, strong production capacity to invest abroad and do business, to carry out the processing of agricultural products trade, as exporters of agricultural products to the international market to seek more broad space for development, enhance our international competitiveness.

4.2
Optimize the Structure of export product, and raise the value-added of products.China has a strong advantage of the diversity of agricultural resources, agricultural products is rich in resources, and the wide variety and large output.However, a single type of export of agricultural products, and lots of are medium and low-grade agricultural products, and the name of excellent, high value-added features and processed products are too small, the quality of products is low, and the ability to access to markets and participate in market competition is weak.Therefore, the provinces should be based on the characteristics of the agricultural resource endowment, in the condition of activing development of vegetables, water, seafood, fruit and casings and other traditional advantages export agricultural products, we should increase investment in science and technology, to build up a series of export base of agricultural products ,which is faced the international market-oriented, distinctive regional characteristics, and compared advantage prominent, and both at home and abroad to introduce new technologies and new varieties, and rapid increase in the level of agricultural science and technology to improve the structure of the varieties of agricultural products, development of pollution-free, and gifted, special and intensive processing of agricultural products and improve the level of quality and safety of agricultural products, to realize the upgrade of export product structure and the production structure and improve the technological content of export of agricultural products and value-added in order to adapt to the ever-changing and increasingly competitive international market.In addition, we could introduct varies of high value-added, and the foreign needed, processing and then export, the effectiveness is very significant.For example, Honghu YanDe fishery company in Hubei province, it processed the introduction of fish and exported to the European Union and the United States, in short supply.

4.3
Increasing the efforts to attract foreign investment, and guide foreign investment in the development of modern agriculture.Agriculture opening up is not only opening up to foreign investors in the field of agricultural products processing, but the entire food system of internal financing, foreign investment and opening up.We should ensure that the bulk of staple food crops under the premise of food security, in accordance with the state, "Industrial Catalog for Foreign Investment" in the directory to encourage the number and scope of the development of relevant financial, tax preferential policies to encourage foreign capital in line with the quality of the food system to investment links.International experience has shown that the safety of agricultural products, the higher green standards, the international competitiveness of agricultural products will be more strong, and the exports will be greater, and thus attract foreign investment in agriculture is also more.Capital like a link, together with human resources, management, technology, capital, and will bring a more efficient production patterns to traditional agriculture.

4.4
Reduce costs and improve efficiency.The level of agricultural production costs is the key tactors of determing the export competitiveness.The first is to strengthen the operation and management of agricultural production, lower unit consumption of goods and materials products.The promotion of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer and try to reduce costs and improve yields.Second is improving the effective of labor productivity in agricultural production and lower unit labor cost.In addition through the industrialization of science and technology promotion and other means to reduce production costs.At present in China's agricultural exports system the irrationality is widespread exist, generally the trading company which have the right to import and export get the resources from rural areas through the acquisition or pre-signed supply orders, and through further processing and packaging, and then export, the drawbacks of this approach is the main separation of the production and export.Circulation system of agricultural products in China lagged behind, too many links in the circulation, leading to rising costs of agricultural products.This regard, we would like to study in Japan, Japanese agriculture has been the formation of breeding, cultivation, processing, and refrigerated transportation and sales of the industry system, greatly reduces the cost of agricultural exports.

4.5
Strengthen the supervision and management of the safety of agricultural products exports, improve the quality of products.As international trade protectionism, increasing trade friction, especially the developed countries continue to raise international standards for the import of agricultural products, all kinds of green barriers and technical barriers one after another, and our quality and safety of agricultural products is generally not high level, the provinces to develop quality standards there are very different, the quality monitoring system is inadequate, there is a big gap between the construction of agricultural standardization and requirements of the development of the international market, which is prevent China's agricultural export trade.We should be studied to understand international standards, establish a sound with the international standards of agricultural products, the quality and safety standards, testing and monitoring system, and encourage enterprises to export markets in line with the relevant quality assurance requirements for market access "pass."On the export of agricultural production, processing and distribution links to all-round monitoring, comprehensively improve the quality of agricultural products to meet the requirements of international markets for agricultural products to ensure that the rapid growth of agricultural export trade stably.

4.6
Increase investment and subsidies in agriculture, strengthening of export policy.On the agriculture in industrial feed, not only with the combination of China's national conditions, but also with the World Trade Organization "Agreement on Agriculture" of the relevant provisions into line.On the one hand, it is necessary to increase the strength of direct financial support ,and make the policies of supporting agriculture benefit agriculture into practice; On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the industry's indirect support to agriculture, such as increasing the cultivation of human capital in rural areas and agricultural technology development and promotion so as to enhance agricultural development.Make full use of the WTO "green box" policy, namely the use of science and technology education, information services, environmental protection and infrastructure construction, such as ways to increase government investment in agriculture.Make full use of the WTO "amber box" policy, to increase support for agricultural exports.Rational use of WTO rules, the establishment of subsidies for agricultural insurance system and export-oriented agricultural development fund, to carry out a pilot agricultural insurance for export products, to give full insurance financial subsidies, support and expand the advantages of agricultural exports.
At present, in order to protect security of China's agriculture and promot of export-oriented agricultural, the state promulgated a series of preferential policies, such as increasing export tax rebates to some agricultural products, cancellating or reducting export tariffs on some food and so on, to some extent, enhanced confidence in the market .The same period Last year % Figure 1.