International Education Studies, Issue: Vol.19, No.4

Teachers’ Perceptions and Practices of Translanguaging in Thai EFL Classrooms: Balancing Comprehension and English Immersion

ambesos@gmail.com (Eric A. Ambele) — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:30:19 +0000

This study explores teachers’ perceptions and utilization of translanguaging in English language teaching in Thailand. Translanguaging, which involves the strategic integration of students’ native language with the target language, has gained recognition for its potential to enhance language acquisition. Given its growing significance, this research examines how Thai English teachers at the primary and secondary school levels (N = 74) incorporate translanguaging into their classrooms. The study employed convenience sampling with predefined criteria to select participants. Quantitative data were collected with embedded qualitative components for triangulation. Descriptive statistics were applied to the quantitative data, while qualitative responses were reviewed for recurring themes and illustrative examples. The findings reveal that teachers frequently employ translanguaging to clarify concepts during classroom activities (40.5%), explain vocabulary and provide feedback (35.1%), and facilitate comprehension by integrating both students’ first language (L1) and English (L2) (36.5%). While many teachers recognize the benefits of translanguaging in enhancing students’ understanding and engagement, some express concerns about its potential to interfere with English immersion goals. The study highlights the importance of a strategic and balanced approach to translanguaging in language instruction. It suggests that professional development initiatives should be implemented to support teachers in effectively incorporating translanguaging while maintaining English immersion objectives in Thai classrooms.

Innovative Community-Based Lifelong Learning Curriculum for Thai Herbal Products to Promote Community Empowerment in Hua Suea Sub-District

mayureejantapan@gmail.com (Mayuree Phitthayasenee) — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:36:16 +0000

This research aimed to: 1) develop and determine the effectiveness of an innovative community-based lifelong learning curriculum for Thai herbal products; 2) compare the community’s learning achievement outcomes; 3) study the lifelong learning characteristics of the community; 4) study the community’s satisfaction; and 5) strengthen community capacity. The sample consisted of 62 individuals from Hua Suea Sub-district community and students who voluntarily participated in the research project. The research instruments comprised: 1) an innovative community-based lifelong learning curriculum for Thai herbal products consisting of 5 learning units; 2) a curriculum quality assessment form; 3) an achievement test; 4) to validate the innovative lifelong learning curriculum; and 5) a satisfaction assessment form. Applying the ADDIE Model in Innovative Curriculum Design. The research findings revealed that: 1) the innovative community-based lifelong learning curriculum for Thai herbal products demonstrated the highest quality level with a mean score of 4.67 and an efficiency rating of 83.04/82.36, meeting the established criteria; 2) the community showed significantly higher post-training achievement scores compared to pre-training scores following the implementation of the developed curriculum; 3) the sample group demonstrated lifelong learning characteristics at a high level; 4) the community expressed the highest level of satisfaction toward curriculum utilization; and 5) the community demonstrated strengthened capacity through collaborative learning, collective problem-solving, and joint management in developing Thai herbal products for OTOP (One Tambon One Product) registration, resulting in 4 registered products. The community successfully commercialized Thai herbal products through social media channels, creating transformational changes within the community. The potential of this innovative community-based lifelong learning curriculum for Thai herbal products serves as a curriculum that promotes lifelong learning for communities and facilitates community empowerment. This is evidenced by community members’ active participation in management and collaborative problem-solving to enhance and develop Thai herbal products for practical utilization. Furthermore, the community developed positive attitudes toward sustainable lifelong learning.

Catching-Up: The Performance of Female Students in Lower Secondary School Examinations in Sub-Saharan Africa

p.bennell100@yahoo.com (Paul S. Bennell) — Thu, 25 Jun 2026 09:40:50 +0000

This article analyses the relative performance of female and male students in lower secondary school examinations sub-Saharan Africa. It presents information for three key areas, namely the numbers of female and male students sitting and passing lower secondary school examinations in each country from which overall pass rates can also be computed. Regarding the actual numbers of students passing examinations, there is female inequality (where the passes gender parity index <0.97) in 58% of the 36 of the 44 mainland countries in SSA for which data is available. These 21 countries account for 54% of the total population of this group. Gender equality exists in only 6% countries (two out of 36 including Nigeria), but whose combined population amounts to 21% of the total. Male inequality (where the passes GPI>1.03) prevails in 36% of countries (13 out of 36) which account for 25% of the total population in the region. These findings highlight the heterogeneity of female and male examination performance across SSA. However, while around one half of female students in SSA do not perform as less as well as male students, it appears that gender examination inequalities are decreasing quite rapidly and that it is quite possible that more female than male students will be taking these examinations within the next decade.

Preserving and Enhancing Shandong Guzheng Techniques Through Education: Foundations, Cultural Integration, Aesthetic Development and Innovation

awirut.t@msu.ac.th (Awirut Thotham) — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 15:00:44 +0000

This study investigates the preservation and enhancement of Shandong Guzheng skills using a comprehensive educational framework that combines fundamental technical instruction, cultural knowledge, aesthetic development, and creativity. Shandong Guzheng, which is based on Shandong Qinshu traditions and regional dialects, has distinct tonal, rhythmic, and expressive features that necessitate exact right- and left-hand skills as well as extensive cultural awareness. The study emphasizes standardizing hand posture, sequential technique training, and expressive mastery as crucial components of performance education. It stresses the role of regional culture, notably Shandong’s language and storytelling traditions, in developing musical phrasing, ornamentation, and rhythmic identity. Students develop interpretative understanding beyond technical execution when aesthetic cultivation is encouraged via repertoire study, listening, imitation and mentorship. Furthermore, the study recommends competition and collaborative group structures to improve musical adaptation and community spirit. Finally, innovation is viewed as a necessary extension of tradition, promoting the incorporation of new compositional ideas, cross-cultural approaches, and technical experimentation, as long as these advancements are based on Shandong Guzheng’s fundamental character. This comprehensive method provides a long-term roadmap for transferring and evolving this valuable musical heritage in modern situations.

Developing a Model to Promote Quality-Oriented Education for Students at Art Universities in Guangxi

kriangsak.s@reru.ac.th (Kriangsak Srisombut) — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 15:07:15 +0000

This study aimed to: (1) investigate the components of quality-oriented education among students, (2) explore both the existing situation and desirable situation of students for Art Universities in Guangxi and need assessment for improving quality-oriented education of students for Art Universities in Guangxi, (3) develop a model of quality-oriented education for students at Art Universities in Guangxi. Research and Development were conducted in 3 phases according to the research objectives. The sampling group consisted of administrators, lecturers, and 322 participants, under the Art Universities in Guangxi, the research tools were the evaluation form of the components and indicators of quality-oriented education of students toward excellence, a 5-level scale questionnaire, the evaluation of content validity form, observation form, interview form, and the assessment for appropriate, feasibility, and usefulness form. The statistics used were frequency distribution, mean, standard deviation, item objective congruence, and PNImodified. The study found that: 1) The components of quality-oriented education of students toward excellence comprised 5 components as follows: moral quality, learning quality, physical quality, aesthetic quality, and labor quality. The experts’ evaluation of the components is at the most appropriate level. 2) The existing situation in all components was at a high level. The desirable situation is that all components were at a high level. The needs ranked from highest to lowest: learning quality, labor quality, moral quality, physical quality, and aesthetic quality. 3) The quality-oriented education of students model consisted of (1) Rationale, (2) Model objectives, (3) Contents, and (4) Conditions for success. 4) The results of implementing the model found that the model was appropriate, feasibility, and usefulness was at a very high level.

Preservation and Educational Transmission of Liuqin Opera in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China

khomkrich.k@msu.ac.th (Komkrich Karin) — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 15:14:35 +0000

This study investigates the preservation and educational transmission of Liuqin Opera in Xuzhou City, Jiangsu Province, China, concentrating on its historical development, cultural relevance and current issues. Liuqin Opera has become a well-known local opera form, with distinct vocal methods, flexible melodic structures, linguistic and vocal techniques rooted in the Xuzhou dialect, the value of musical freedom, and the revival of classic and current material. Governmental assistance is essential for sponsoring, promoting, and institutionalizing the Liuqin Opera through festivals, rural outreach and inclusion in regional cultural plans. The study stresses school-based instruction, new media platforms, and community participation as important tools for guaranteeing long-term cultural transmission. Primary, intermediate, and postsecondary education should incorporate Liuqin Opera, utilize digital platforms to expand its reach, and promote folk-based community behaviors. By blending tradition and modernity, Liuqin Opera may continue to be a significant cultural expression and enduring emblem of regional identity in contemporary China.

Factors Affecting the Performance of Procurement Officers at Public Universities in Northeast Thailand

prasert.rua@msu.ac.th (Prasert Ruannakarn) — Sun, 26 Jul 2026 15:24:28 +0000

This research aimed to examine the factors influencing procurement officers’ performance in public universities in Northeast Thailand. This research constituted a quantitative study. The research tool was a questionnaire. The sample comprised 199 procurement officials selected using stratified random selection. The statistics employed in data analysis were percentage, mean, standard deviation, and multiple linear regression analysis. The study revealed that the performance indicators of procurement officers at public institutions in Northeast Thailand were generally at a moderate level. The overall performance level was moderate. Testing the significance of the predictive coefficients revealed that performance indicators could collectively predict the performance of procurement officers at public institutions in Northeast Thailand by 22.10% (R-square = 0.221). The notable discovery was that nature of work and duty responsibility was the variables that could statistically predict the elements influencing the performance of procurement officers at public universities in Northeast Thailand, with significance at the 0.05 level.

Educational Dimensions of Court Music in the Song Dynasty: Transmission, Literacy and Pedagogical Legacy in Henan Province

khomkrich.k@msu.ac.th (Komkrich Karin) — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:40:26 +0000

This study investigates the political, educational, and cultural components of ritual and music under the Song Dynasty, with an emphasis on centralized governing processes, Confucian moral instruction, and the pedagogical legacy inscribed in ceremonial musical systems. The study reveals how music served as a medium of ideological transmission and a tool for building elite literacy through a comprehensive investigation of institutional frameworks such as the Taichang Si, the Guozi Jian, and the civic test system. Ritual and music were more than just creative manifestations; they also helped to shape governance, social hierarchy, and morality. The Po Tower music reliefs at Kaifeng, which prove the Song state’s use of music as a political symbol and public teaching, exemplify this dual role even further. The current recreation of these reliefs through digital media and public performances, such as the promotional video and the Qingming Cultural Festival, exemplifies Song ceremonial music’s lasting cultural roles. These activities reflect a dynamic cultural transmission paradigm in which tradition is actively contested via hybridized forms and experiential literacy.

Teachers’ Learning Enhancement to Develop Empathy Skills for Nursing Students

thidarathuai@gmail.com (Thidarat Huaisai) — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:45:23 +0000

This research investigated the development of empathy skills among nursing students through a comprehensive framework. It addressed critical dimensions such as the definitions and significance of Empathy in healthcare, characteristics, developmental guidelines, implementation strategies, and assessment methods. The primary goal was to create an extensive knowledge base to enhance empathy skills essential for effective patient-centered care. The study led to an innovative online self-training program for nursing educators. This program comprised two key projects: the first focused on deepening faculty understanding of Empathy in clinical contexts.

In contrast, the second provided tools and strategies for integrating empathy training into the nursing curriculum. The initiative equipped educators with vital resources by fostering an empathetic educational atmosphere, promoting better learning outcomes for nursing students. The research also emphasized the role of academic administration in enhancing teaching quality at the institutional level. It aligned with the school-based management model, positing that empowering Faculty directly influenced student development. The study aimed to yield statistically significant improvements through a research and development methodology, ensuring the practical application of its findings across Boromarajonani Colleges of Nursing nationwide and enhancing healthcare education and patient care outcomes.

The Effect of Undergraduate Students’ Motivation on Safety Competency: Safety Education in Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences

drpimurai.l@gmail.com (Pimurai Limpapath) — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:51:15 +0000

This study aimed to explore the influence of undergraduate students’ Motivation in Safety Education Courses on their Safety Competency in Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences. Drawing on Self-Determination Theory, a survey research design was used with the distribution of the questionnaires to 407 samples who were the undergraduate students from 11 schools in Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences. Descriptive Analysis was performed with Mean, Standard Deviation, Frequency, and Percentage, then, followed by the Multiple Regression. The results showed that Intrinsic Motivation was greater than that of the Extrinsic motivation as it was significantly and positively correlated with Safety Competency from the most to the least as follows: 1) To Experience Stimulation; 2) Toward Accomplishment; and 3) To Know. In terms of the Extrinsic Motivation, it was also significantly and positively correlated with on Safety Competency, from the most to the least as follows: 1) Introjected, 2) Identified, and 3) External Regulations. Finally, it is expected that the results gained from this study could be applied into Safety Education Courses in order to encourage Intrinsic Motivation as to help elevate Extrinsic Motivation as of the undergraduate students at Chengdu College of Arts and Sciences so that they can constantly improve their Safety Competency not only for the benefit of on-campus safety but also throughout their future career.

Teachers’ Learning Empowerment for Positive School Climate Development

somporntayiam@gmail.com (Somporn Tayiam) — Mon, 27 Jul 2026 15:56:24 +0000

This research is dedicated to examining the diverse perspectives of scholars and educational institutions on the notion of a favorable school climate. It thoroughly analyzes its definition, significance, defining characteristics, potential development approaches, associated processes, inherent challenges, and effective evaluation strategies. By synthesizing this extensive knowledge, we have designed targeted learning modules for teachers to facilitate their self-improvement and enable them to apply the insights gained in practical settings. This approach is grounded in the empowering principle of “Knowledge + Action = Power,” which underscores the vital link between comprehension and practical implementation. To achieve this objective, the research has developed an innovative educational initiative titled “Online Self-Training Program for Empowering Teachers’ Learning to Cultivate a Positive School Climate.” Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) methodology, the study culminated in an experimental phase characterized by a One Group Pretest-Posttest design within a thoughtfully selected school environment. This involved the active participation of ten dedicated teachers and 97 engaged students. The findings indicate this pioneering educational innovation meets established quality criteria and shows significant potential for dissemination and practical application across schools nationwide.

Confirmatory Factor Analysis: The Big Five Personality Factors in Chinese Private University Students

drpimurai.l@gmail.com (Pimurai Limpapath) — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 14:45:58 +0000

The objective of this study was to examine the validity of the factors influencing the students’ Big Five Personality Trait Development of Chinese private university students in Chengdu. Survey research design was used with a distribution of questionnaires to a sample of 408 subjects. The research applied the Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to confirm and validate the five factors of Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism. The results revealed that the five-factors model of Big five Personality showing satisfactory model fit across all five dimensions (CFI=0.921, IFI=0.922, TLI=0.912, RMSEA=0.041, GFI= 0.875, CMIN/DF=1.679) that supported the stability and explanatory power of the five-factor structure of private university students in Chengdu. The overall findings highlighted the fact that while students’ personality traits varied across individuals and contextual factors, applying effective institutional strategies can play a crucial role in enhancing students' holistic personality development.

School Climate as a Mental Resilience Resource During Wartime

elibh2010@gmail.com (Eli Ben Harush) — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 14:48:04 +0000

School climate is a critical component in education, affecting children’s mood, social relationships, academic functioning, and mental state (Berkowitz, Mor & Astor, 2014). Research shows that positive school climate contributes to improved achievements, reduced risk behaviors, and increased satisfaction, and may serve as a resilience resource that enables coping with difficulties (Taskin & Canli, 2021). Exposure to war has severe effects on children, ranging from trauma and depression to injuries and loss of family members (Celik & Ozpinar, 2017; Burgin et al., 2022). Following the attack on Simchat Torah and the ongoing security situation, the Israeli education system faced an unprecedented crisis that created new challenges. Optimal school climate has the potential to help students during wartime by providing a sense of normalcy, offering a safe environment for processing emotions, and providing social support (Hopkins, 2022; Starkey, Aber, & Crossman, 2019). The purpose of this study is to explore the potential of school climate to serve as a resilience resource among Israeli children during the current multi-front war. The study will examine through semi-structured interviews with teachers how resilience can be built during wartime through school climate.

Reviewer Acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 19, No. 4

ies@ccsenet.org (Chris Lee) — Tue, 28 Jul 2026 14:50:17 +0000

Reviewer acknowledgements for International Education Studies, Vol. 19, No. 4, 2026.