Victimologic Prevention of Causing Injury in the Republic of Kazakhstan

The article considers issues related to victimologic prevention of injury, and its importance in the system of criminological prevention. The work generalizes the experience of foreign countries in this area. The attention is focused on the necessity of the state, including internal affairs bodies, to pay special attention to this prevention way. The authors specify a number of factors that exist in the Republic of Kazakhstan and contribute to the mentioned crimes and rest on the subjects that carry out victimologic prevention. The authors point out that the lack of distinctly formulated state policy of victimologic impact on criminality in the Republic of Kazakhstan leads to difficulties in the practice of applying the above measures of victimologic character. The article makes a conclusion about the necessity to form and pursue state victimologic policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan and displays its top-priority areas.


Introduction
Since the first days of establishing an independent, democratic constitutional state, the Republic of Kazakhstan has been paying unceasing attention to problems related to criminality and prevention of the negative phenomena contributing to it.
" Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy: New Political Course of the Accomplished State" Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, National Leader N. A. Nazarbaev to the People of Kazakhstan pays special attention to questions of struggle against criminality and its prevention: "…We must not put up even with the smallest deeds of crimes, hooliganism, lack of culture as it infringes upon public comfort, deceases the life quality.The feeling of disorder and permissiveness results in more serious crimes.Atmosphere of impatience to small deeds of crimes is an important step to strengthening public safety and struggle against criminality" (Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2012).
Approach to criminality as a social negative phenomenon assumes relevant strategy of struggling against it, which principle direction is the impact on the reasons that cause it.While criminal penalty influences criminality by having impact on the criminal's personality, prevention measures aim to eliminate or neutralize the reasons and conditions that cause criminality.That's why prevention activity according to its nature, scope of events and number of subjects involved in this work is considerably broader than the practice of applying criminal sanction.Therefore, it is urgent to recollect the words of Cesare Beccaria "It is better to prevent crimes than punish for them.It is the aim of any good legislation that virtually is the art to lead people to the highest happiness or to possibly smallest unhappiness if to speak from the point of view of good and evil in our life" (Veccaria, 1995).
So far, the system of deeds of crime has been formed and is already in force in the Republic of Kazakhstan.Legal acts that regulate this activity are adopted.They contain a number of provisions about preventing deeds of crime.These issues are touched upon by the Code of Administrative Violations, Criminal and Criminal Procedure Code, "On Law Enforcement Service" Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan, "On Internal Affairs Bodies" Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan and others.Concept of Legal Policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan for the period from 2010 to August 28, 2009 No. 858 approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan N. A. Nazarbaev should not go unnoticed.In addition, the Inter-institutional Commission on preventing deeds of crime affiliated to the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan was established by order of the Government of the Republic of Kazakhstan No. 1345 dated December 13, 2010.
Along with this, "On Preventing Deeds of Crime" Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated April 29, 2010 has an exceptionally prevention focus.The aim of this Act is to establish unified state policy in the area of preventing deeds of crime.It focuses on neutralizing the reason which causes deeds of crime, and conditions which contribute to committing them by political, organizational, social and economic, legal, informational and other measures that are coordinated and combined by a common design, and taken by subjects of the system of prevention of deeds of crime ("On Preventing Deeds of Crime" Act of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
Act "On preventing Deeds of Crime among Subadults and Preventing Children's Neglect and Homelessness" of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated July 9, 2004 and Act "On Preventing Domestic Violence" of the Republic of Kazakhstan dated December 4, 2009 are also in effect.
Taking into account social and economic aspects of criminality, we think that the main direction of struggle against it is comprehensive prevention.Being a special type of activity in the area of social management, as a rule, prevention is not related to causing distress and rights limitation to specific individuals.It aims to improve public relations where criminality reasons root.
Thus, according to T. K. Akimzhanov, it will be correct to consider the process of struggle against criminality not only as impact on criminality as a negative component of the society, but the society itself that causes this criminality.Our law enforcement system focused its attention on that part of population that commits crimes, i.e. potential transgressors and criminals, and the basic part of the society representatives remain out-of-sight (Akimzhanov, 2011, p. 204).
The prevention of crimes especially the ones against the person's health must contain such direction as protection of victims of this kind of crime i.e. victimologic prevention.This type of prevention focuses on leaving the criminal without the object of the offense.There is such a fact that the behavior of a person, separate groups can be not only criminal but also victimary in its nature.It is necessary to note that victimity is a specific behavior and individually psychological features of the injured person that determine criminal behavior committed against him.
The behavior victimity lies in the fact that an individual creates with its actions the situation that is fraught with committing a crime or at least favorable for it.Herewith, victimary actions are only those ones that differ from ordinary behavior of the majority of injured persons of crimes in similar situations.This necessity of the action increases the possibility to commit a crime just in relation to individuals that let victimary actions (Alaukhanov, 2008, p. 153).
Victimologic prevention can and must become an individual direction in the struggle against criminality.This is the way of the world practice.There is a legislative system of protecting crimes victims.Funds for rendering welfare assistance to them, centers of psychological support, etc. are established.

Methodology
Theoretical basis of the research was Kazakhstani and Russian researchers' scientific works related to victimology as a whole and victimologic prevention of injury.
Such general scientific and special methods as comparative research method, statistical method, sociologic methods of analysis and observation were used.
Empiric base of the research includes monographs, thesis researches, study guides, materials of periodicals that discussed the questions on victimologic prevention of criminality and statistical data of the Committee on legal statistics and special reports of the General Prosecutor Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan about injury in the heat of passion committed for the last five years.
The author made an analysis of enactments of the Republic of Kazakhstan that regulate the prevention of deeds of crime.In order to study the place of victimologic prevention in the system of prevention of deeds of crimes, in 2014 polling was conducted among internal affairs investigative officers of the Department of Internal Affairs of Almaty.
Based on the activity of various victimologic organizations from foreign countries (England, the USA, France, etc.), we reasoned the necessity to implement their experience in the activity of public organizations that protect victims of deeds of crime and activity of internal affairs bodies of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

Results
The person's health plays a big role in the life of society and is regarded by the state as one of the most important values that are protected by the norms of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan.
As the analysis of the investigation practice on criminal cases related to inflicting injury shows, in many cases reasons or conditions of crimes commitment included criminal or immoral behavior of injured persons' themselves.According to statistical data on Article 108 (111) of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2 cases of inflicting injury in the heat of passion were registered in 2010, 2 cases in 2011, 5 cases in 2012, 4 cases in 2013 and 4 cases in 2014 (Statistical Data of the Committee on Legal Statistics and Special Records of the General Prosecutor Office of the Republic of Kazakhstan).
The state of person's strong mental disturbance may occur as a result of various circumstances.However, the criminal law recognizes the state of physiological affect as a circumstance that softens criminal liability only if it is caused by illegal behavior of the injured person.
Article 111 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan defines a list of circumstances whereof there is at least one that is necessarily determined for applying.Above all, it specifies violence, derision or great insult by the injured person or other illegal or immoral actions (inaction) of the injured person (Criminal Code of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2014).
Derision assumes multiple violent acts of the injured person that are expressed as rough humiliation of the honor and dignity of the injured person or his relatives, stigmatization of ideals or disadvantages, disclosure of information about the intimate life, etc. Gear insult is a subjective and estimate category based on norms of morality and ethics (humiliation of the honor and dignity, insult of national, religious feeling, etc.).Other illegal or immoral actions (inaction) of the injured person include cases of inflicting property damage, violating the right to use property, arrogation facts, refusal to return the debt, adultery, etc.
The results of the conducted research allow to confirm that about 75-80% of crimes against the personality are committed by subjects who have kindred, working, intimate and other close relations with injured people, and as a rule the crime is the final phase of the conflict that arose as a result of these relations.
When criminal cases of this category are investigated by internal affairs bodies, procuracy and court, it is necessary to accurately ascertain all conditions that contributed to committing an illegal action, and study the injured person's personality, his behavior at the moment of committing a crime as it plays an important role in the correct qualification of the crime and its success.
The awareness of social characteristics and psychological features of victimologic individuals that most often become victims of injury, their behavior at the initial stage before the criminogenic situation, peculiarities of their behavior directly at the moment of the criminogenic conflict will also allow to understand the mechanism of forming the conflict that caused injury and contribute to additional prevention measures aiming to eliminate conditions that contribute to commitment of such kind of crime.
Thus, a decrease in the specified crimes can be achieved not only by influencing law violators but also by potential victims of crimes by taking measures of victimologic prevention as its principle goal is to protect a potential victim.
Victimologic prevention is a specific activity of social institutes that aims to reveal, eliminate factors, circumstances forming victimary behavior and stipulating crimes commitment, and reveal groups of risk and specific individuals with the increased level of victimity with the purpose to recover or activate their protection properties.
Victimologic area of influencing criminality does not compete with traditional activity of law enforcement bodies and only supplements it.As it was stated by D. V. Rivman and V. S. Ustinov, "victimologic impact on criminality is rather perspective.It is more humane as it is not practically related to intrusion in the sphere of personal rights and individual freedom and applying coercive measures.It does not require material expenditures and is based on natural human being's instinct of self-preservation and strive for self-protection that is characteristic of people.That's why this area of influence on criminality was supported by the society" (Rivman & Ustinov, 2000, p. 126).

Subjects of Victimologic Prevention
Subjects of victimologic prevention include state bodies, public or private organizations, officers and citizens who carry out traditional prevention.However, special structures can be established.They perform work with victims in relation to their protection from illegal infringements on professional level.
For example, in Western countries public organizations are the main element of the victimologic prevention system.Participation of the society in criminality prevention is one of the principle victimologic ideas.Western victimology researches assumed that "public self-government has a powerful potential of social regulation that can neutralize victimologic impact on the society with contemporary urbanization processes" (Matthew, 2009, p. 28;Marilyn et al., 1986, p. 267).Thus, in the world victimologic organizations that have considerable influence on the efficiency of the struggle against criminality are established.Such organizations can be voluntary and non-governmental as well as the ones with the state participation in one form or another, the latter functioning in Spain, Belgium and Germany.Such organizations are financed by voluntary donations of citizens and the state.For example, in Germany specific taxes and fines are spent for financing organizations of this type.In order to coordinate these organizations, nationwide bodies, committees, councils were established.They ensure the compliance of the organizations work with relevant standards, develop methodological recommendations on improving victimologic prevention activity, provide communication with governmental structures and establish relations with similar organizations.For example, in England since 1979 there has been National Association of Victim Support Schemes.In France since 1986 there has been National Institute for Assistance for Victims (INAVEM).In the Netherlands there is National Organisation for Victim Support (NOVS).In the USA the above functions are fulfilled by the National Organization for Victims Assistance.These organizations closely interact with the police and it is a key condition for providing efficient help to the crime victim (Varchuk & Vishnevetsky, 2009, p. 136).
However, in our society the level of prevention impact on the citizens' victimity on the part of national law enforcement bodies is inconspicuous.Injured people are usually considered by officers of the law enforcement system as "trouble at work".In addition, officers of internal affairs bodies are not ready to establish contact with injured people and witnesses of the crime taking into account the level of stress these individuals have.For due attention is not paid to the questions of victimologic prevention in the process of officers' professional training and retraining.It is also possible to note that today the process of integration of the law enforcement system with public institutes that work in the area of rendering assistance for crimes victims is quite tense.
Further, administrative sources in countries far abroad (such as police or court statistics) cannot provide sufficiently reliable and complete analysis of criminality.Due to this, researches of the population victimization are hold.At the present time they are recognized as a tool that helps the state and the society to understand the reasons of criminality and ways to solve them.
As early as in 1960-ies foreign criminologists started understanding disadvantages of administrative sources and started searching for alternative methods that could provide more accurate and informative description of criminality problems.The first researches related to victimization were hold in 1960-ies and 1970-ies.For example, in the United Kingdom the first State sociological research on issues of criminality was hold in 1972. In 1970(and then in 1973) ) Finland hold the first nationwide research of victimization together with "Gallup Finland".In 1973 the Netherlands also made the first research of criminality.Obviously, the most important and influential innovation in the area of victimization research was hold in 1972 in the USA by the National Public Opinion Research Center and the previous Presidential Commission on Law Enforcement and Judicature.The aim of this research was to study the character and reasons of criminality in the United States and provide recommendations on the policy of struggle against criminality.One of the main recommendations of the committee was to use a new source of criminality statistics-victimization research (From materials on Guidance to victimization observation, UNO, 2010).
Based on the above, it is possible to make a conclusion that foreign countries pay great attention to questions of victimologic prevention, up to the state level.It gives ground to make a conclusion that in our country victimologic prevention is at the initial stage of its development.

Measures of Victimologic Prevention
At the present time two levels of victimologic prevention of injury are developed and singled out.They are general and individual.
General victimologic prevention lies in solving social, economic, juristic and cultural and educational tasks that aim to eliminate causes and conditions that contribute to the society victimization and decrease in citizens' victimity.General victimologic prevention must supplement general criminogenic prevention.Essentially, they are two tightly interrelated parties of the same prevention process that supplement each other (Antonian, 2013, p. 202).
General victimologic prevention includes the following impact measures: legal propaganda and explanatory work with population aiming to show the danger and dispersion of crimes, talks with population, direct observing individuals who behave imprudently in public places and timely intrusion in victimologically dangerous situation, etc.Individual victimologic prevention is an individual work with separate individuals who are likely to become criminals' victims, prevention work aiming to increase the activity of their protection reactions and provide their safety.
Both general and individual victimologic prevention is carried out by efforts of all subjects of this activity, and is combined with other methods of prevention impact.In its turn, it can be qualitatively carried out by smaller forces i.e. directly by services of internal affairs bodies.
Due to this, Professor G. R. Rustemova Doctor in Law proposed a system of victimologic prevention according to levels and subjects.Special victimologic measures on internal affairs bodies are focused on the work with certain objects of prevention including unemployed people, vagrants, addicts, homeless and uncared underadults and others.Individual victimologic prevention measures taken by officers of internal affairs bodies focus on specific citizens that can become victims of deeds of crime and crimes i.e. they assume the reveal of individuals with the increased victimity and taking educational measures that aim to decrease the risk to become a victim of criminal infringement (Rustemova, 2011, p. 56).
Opportunities of internal affairs bodies in this area are not limited.However, in practice prevention activity often comes down to generalizing data about revealing reasons and conditions of crimes, typical criminogenic factors.Due attention is not paid to revealing victimary persons.The narrowness of such approach is negatively reflected on the efficiency of carrying out victimologic prevention.Special attention must be paid to legal awareness and population's expertise that is an important measure of victimologic prevention.This work must be performed in relation to all categories of individuals from children to senior citizens.Based on the foreign experience, it is necessary to notice that in the Western Europe and the USA all educational establishments (from primary school to higher educational establishments) hold classes on applied victimology (Nikolaeva, 2007, p. 73).Due to this, organization of legal education for population, victims' awareness of their rights and obligations, ways of the most effective legal protection of interests are an efficient method of victimologic prevention.
In order to increase the efficiency of work in this direction, it is necessary to establish a system of victimologic prevention of crimes including injuries that complies with new requirements of the life, and assign the most active organizational role to services of internal affairs bodies (local police inspectors, children officers, operatives).For internal affairs bodies are not only the governmental tool along with armed forces, but first of all it is the body that renders law enforcement services to population, every citizen of the country.
It is also important to use opportunities of mass media for victimologic instructing population in this direction, develop a system of measures that stimulates the participation of the public in the victimologic prevention, and supplement the system of reporting about the activity of services of internal affairs bodies with data that reflects the results of work on victimologic prevention of crimes.

Discussion
"Kazakhstan-2050 Strategy: New Political Course of the Accomplished State" Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, National Leader N. A. Nazarbaev to the People of Kazakhstan considers "the nation's health" to be the basis of our successful future (Message of the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, 2012).
Prevention work performed not only with direct "criminals" but also with their victims plays a serious role in the struggle against criminality as a whole and injury to an individual in particular.It is impossible to solve the specified task without thorough study of the injured person's personality, his ethic and psychological features, social and cultural characteristics, i.e. everything that characterizes the crime victim.The study of the victim's personality and criminogenic situation is tightly related to the study of the criminal's personality for both the criminal and injury victim interact and create a criminogenic situation.
We have to agree with the opinion of N. D. Mukhamedianov on this issue.Efficient impact on criminality as a social phenomenon assumes impact not only on its objective reasons and conditions but also subjective factors that determine and variously define the criminalization of the civil life.The victim factor plays an important role among these factors.Law enforcement practice still does not devote ample attention to this factor.(Mukhamedianov, 2004, p. 7).
So, for example, until the middle of the XX century the principle element in the crimes prevention was a suspect i.e. all attention was paid to the crime itself and a direct criminal; herewith, the victim of the committed crime remained unnoticed.The victim as a criminality factor started being studied only in the first half of the XX century.In references it is related to the name of Hans von Hentig, a German researcher, who in 1948 published a special scientific work "Criminal and His Victim" where he considers the injured person as a factor of the crime.He floated an idea of understanding criminality as specific interrelations between the evil doer and his victim.According to Hentig, collection of data about injured people allows to single out characteristic types of interaction between the criminal and the injured person, and this interaction is tightly related to the crime (Alauhanov, 2008, p. 151).
According to K. I. Dzhayanbaev, it is necessary to constantly strengthen the development and extend the scope of methods that study the personality and possibility to use them in the struggle against criminality.It is especially important that the developed psychological methods of the personality study are easy-to-use for police officers, crime investigators, judges who face the necessity to study the personality to always have the opportunity to apply them individually.Meanwhile, law enforcement officers whereon duties on preventing crimes against an individual are imposed are guided by their own personal and professional experience, as a rule.The results of preventing violent crimes, improving individuals who were convicted for committing them do not still meet contemporary requirements (Dzhayanbaev, 2009).
Victimologic prevention is "a purposeful specialized impact on individuals who have illegal or immoral behavior as well as on factors that stipulate the victimity related to such behavior.Its object equally includes factors and persons whose positive behavior is yet victimologically dangerous for them" (Rivman, 2002, p. 241).
Along with the increase in foreign victimologic researches that made basis for studying the crime victim and contribute to the development of international legislation on victims protection, it is also necessary to mention the activity in the development of victimology within criminological researches devoted to the resistance to specific types of criminality in the Russian Federation.So, for example, at the end of 90-ies "Victimologic Association" was established under the guidance of V.S. Ustinov."Victimologic Characteristics and Prevention of Acquisitive Crimes Against Citizen's Property" (1998) (Sitkovsky, 1998) monograph by A. L. Sitkovsky endorsed by V. I. Polubinsky went out.It reveals social and legal, and ethic and psychological problems related to characteristics of people injured as a result of acquisitive crimes, and offers practical recommendations on studying injured persons and forecasting their victimity by law enforcement bodies.
In 2000 "Victimology: Social and Criminological Problems" (Tuliakov, 2000) monograph by V. A. Tuliakov went out.It traversed theoretical and methodological basics of forming criminal victimology in Ukraine, analyzed theories of the world victimology, victimologic legislation of developed countries and statutory enactments of the UNO, revealed peculiarities of victimization and victimity in Ukraine and principles of treating crimes victims.
It is necessary to emphasize the research of V. I. Zadorozhny (2001) devoted to victimologic prevention of crimes that is one of the top-priority tasks of the victimologic science.
The results of victimologic scientific researchers conducted in Russia contributed to a number of monographs aiming to improve law enforcement activity: "Criminogenic Victimity of Social Statuses in Contemporary Society" (Vishnevetsky, 2005), "Victimology of Personality and Social Group in Contemporary Criminology" (Vishnevetsky, 2006), "Victimologic Safety and its provision by Measures of Victimologic Prevention" (Zadorozhny, 2006), "Theoretic and Practical Basis of Criminal Victimology" (Polubinsky & Sitkovsky, 2006) and other.
Development of applied researches prepared on the basis of theoretic conclusions of Russian victimologic scientists at the end of the previous century, the use of practical experience of working for law enforcement bodies by researchers themselves, and the study of numerous Western publications on applied victimology became a characteristic phenomenon at the beginning of the XXI century.Scientific researches introduced specific prevention recommendations that, according to the authors, when applied could decrease the risk to become a victim of criminal infringements, and improve the legislation aiming to protect crimes victims.Due to this, it is necessary to specify such works as "Criminological Victimology" (Vinnitsky & Shinkevich, 2005), "Victimology of Personality and Social Group in Contemporary Criminology" (Vishnevetsky, 2006), "Basics of Providing Victimologic Safety of Criminal Violence Victims" (Grib, Shikula, & Mazhnikov, 2013), "Conceptual Basics of Criminological Contradiction to Criminality" (Maiorov, 2013) and other (Maiorov & Nazarov, 2014. p. 8).
However, victimologic prevention is not sufficiently developed in Kazakhstan and only starts.The researches in the area of victimologic prevention are conducted in our republic, but they are not as intense as those in Russia.
As a whole, it is necessary to emphasize special works of such authors as M.S. Baimurzin who was the first in Kazakhstan who proposed victimologic determinants of criminogenic behavior (Baimurzin, 2000, pp.2-4), E. K. Kairulla who proposed structural and logic scheme of victimologic prevention (Kairulla, 2005, pp. 2-4), D. B. Kainazarova who was the first to devote her research to victimologic aspects of crimes in relation to only foreign citizens in the Republic of Kazakhstan (Kainazarova, 2006, pp. 2-5), N. K. Kotova who was the first to consider victimologic prevention on only gross aggressive violent crimes (murder, grievous bodily harms, assault, violent robberies and banditry, hooliganism) when the injured person himself consequently becomes the subject of the considered crimes (Kotova, 1999, pp. 1-4), M. K. Intykbaev, who made his contribution to studying the criminal's personality from the point of view of victimology (Intykbaev, 2002), B. Kuanyshbek who proposed to use the notion of "victimologic statistics" and unify all forms of reports made by courts and law enforcement bodies (Kuanyshbek, 2010, pp. 4-9).

Conclusion
Character, degree and consequences of criminal activity and subjective estimation of their safety by people are the problems that directly or indirectly influence the level of people's life.Criminality can have various forms and seriously influence the well-being of injured people, their families and relatives, and whole groups of people.Due to this, victimologic prevention in combination with traditional one considerably expands the opportunities, increases the level and efficiency of preventive resistance to criminality as a whole and crimes related to individual's injury.
As it is known, the level of efficiency of struggle against criminality directly depends on the fixity and practicability of the criminal and legal policy pursued by the state.The organizational role of our state and state government bodies in forming a unified system of victimologic prevention, developing its legislative framework, still does not correspond to the scope of contemporary tasks.The experience of foreign countries recognizes that the initiative role in the development of victimologic movement is played by institutions of the civil society.However, under conditions of weak development of their activity in Kazakhstan, and taking into account that it is necessary to overcome the existing abruption at a quickened pace, the importance of the task on forming and implementing the state victimologic policy becomes obvious.
The work with social unions and strengthening of victimologic component in the prevention activity of internal affairs bodies must become top-priority directions of victimologic policy in the Republic of Kazakhstan.The second direction not only corresponds to general tendencies of humanization of the law enforcement activity under the conditions of constitutional state but can also considerable increase the efficiency of this activity.
At the present period new types of victims appear, the level of their victimity is increased, and ways and methods of the society victimization are transformed.Due to this, it is especially important to develop and implement efficient methods of preventing victimization that along with solving other social tasks will contribute to the increase in the efficiency of struggle against criminality.The lack of special methodologies on revealing individuals with the increased victimity in the country assumes the beginning of such work with practical psychologists, sociologists, and mental specialists.As a matter of fact, it is not a secret that specific characteristics of the individual or his provoking behavior play an important role in the process of intent origination and its further implementation while committing a crime (especially in case of murders, injuries, assaults) (Rustemova, 2010, p. 56).
Strategic measures aiming to increase ethic and legal upbringing of population, form the atmosphere of tolerance and openness must be developed as basic directions of general victimologic prevention.In addition, special attention must be paid to strengthening a family as it is the family where personal development and becoming starts.
In order to increase the efficiency of general victimologic prevention, it is also reasonable to introduce such educational subjects as "Victimology" and "Victimologic Prevention of Crimes by Internal Affairs Bodies" to academic programs of educational establishments of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Kazakhstan that train and prepare specialists for various services of internal affairs bodies and postgraduate courses.
The use of foreign countries' experience has an important role for decreasing criminality, ensuring citizens' safety and protecting crimes victims.Ongoing study of models, forms, and methods of victimologic prevention used by economically developed foreign countries such as involving the society in active prevention activity, collecting data in relation to victimary categories of citizens, imposing relevant functions and powers to law enforcement officers that participate in victimologic prevention, availability of state and non-state funds of rendering assistance to crimes victims, their social and ethic and psychological rehabilitation will allow to