The Impact of International Human Military Intervention in Libya on the Sovereignty of the State

This research aims at shedding the light on the impact of the international human military intervention in Libya on the sovereignty of the state, because there is ambiguity and unclear explanation for the meaning of that international human military intervention with regard for the basics first and its impact on the sovereignty second and their both relation to human rights. This situation could be attributed for the formality and the nature of the comprehension and application for them from one side and the imbalanced practice of it from the other side, we can infer that there is a wide gap for the unsuccessful approximate between the international military intervention for human reasons and the sovereignty principle. A situation that demands a successful proximity between them that must be done. The research held a description for the items of the international intervention and the international human military intervention, the new implications for the sovereignty concept and human rights, the impact of the international human military intervention in Libya on the sovereignty of the state, the international interventions reasons in the Libyan case and determining those hypotheses conjures with the research objectives. The researchers concluded that the intervention based upon protecting humanity is an international practice and that explains the issue legally and politically in a broad sense for any case of the programmed oppression practices against societies was the main reason for accepting the intervention for protecting civilians. The international intervention in Libya didn’t have a direct impact on the Libyan state sovereignty as a state with government, land, borders and population. The researchers inferred that the international intervention was regarded as a relative violation for the Libyan state sovereignty temporary, upon the fact, that the intervention became more accepted and less impact on the national sovereignty.


Introduction
Intervention and non-intervention is regarded an activity pattern in the international interactions because of the mutual impact of those members in the international system upon that the international intervention had increased due to the interests that are important for the super powers that interact horizontally and vertically and combine many political, economic and security objectives here.There has been anew widespread view which states that the international human military intervention for the benefit of individuals and populations is justified to stop any dangerous oppressions or practices that hinder basic human rights like genocide or mass killings and bad treatment.The transformations happened for the international system post the cold war and the end socialist countries and the explosion of internal revolution in may countries had participated in the "emergence of the international human military intervention phenomenon, because there were many demands for such thing to face some tyrants here.This research discusses the reality of the international human military intervention and its effect on the concept of sovereignty in the light of global and regional rapid changes and analyzing this condition for Libya and its impact on the sovereignty of state of Libya.

Statement of the Problem
The research problem discussed the major causes that pushed toward the international military intervention in Libya, particularly its impact on the national sovereignty, and the controversy regarding the western justifications for the reasons of the international human military intervention.

Research Objectives & Questions
The present study was conducted to achieve the following objectives: Shedding some light on the nature of the international human military intervention and its dynamics.Studying and analyzing the legal and political sides of the international human military intervention.Studying and analyzing the Libyan revolution during what's known as the Arabic spring.Studying what's the impact of the international human military intervention on the national sovereignty, and to be more specific the current study sought answers for the following questions Research Q.1 what are the factors that determine the nature of the international human military intervention?Research Q.2 What is the impact of increasing human right violations on increasing the international human military intervention as a phenomenon?
Research Q.3 what is the effect of the Arabian spring on this phenomenon?
Research Q.4 what the effect of the international human military intervention on national sovereignty

Research Hypotheses
In the current international system there is a practical concept that is spreading which states that any deep contradictions between interests that are determined by countries positions is the most responsible about any effective and mutual a arrangements that will play a role in structuring any political approach which is international and flexible.
1) The international humanitarian intervention in the internal affairs of the states is related to the countries interests more than the humanitarian reasons.
2) The international human military intervention in the internal affairs will be for the benefit of the international and regional system doers if these doers played a role in legitimizing this kind of intervention.
3) That the impact of the Arabic spring on the Libyan revolution and its trend towards internationality, as result of extreme oppression practiced against citizens who demand their rights.
4) The international human military intervention in Libya had an impact the Libyan state sovereignty partially and directly, because when the range of the military operations increased the national sovereignty concept will deteriorate.

The Importance of the Study
1) The case of the humanitarian military intervention is a major issue especially after the end of the cold war era.
2) The great controversy regarding the international; human military intervention and the sovereignty, having different views about it, with proponents for this type of intervention while its ambiguous and having different justifications and believing that it's the only way to save people from oppression upon the modern concept of sovereignty and that it's a must, while the opponents for that intervention because it represent a major violation for sovereignty and involving in the states internet affairs upon what's known as humanity and human rights.
3) Analyzing the Libyan unique case that constitutes type of international human military intervention for may reasons like: (a) that this intervention was protected by legal regional international umbrella, (b) that this intervention was organized militarily because there wasn't any troops on the Libyan ground (c) that the intervention was through the air strikes that were supporting the opponents of the Gaddafi regime by the nato and (d) that this war wasn't for the sake of capturing any land.

Previous Studies
When the researcher reviewed the literature regarding the research subject he realized that this subject wasn't interesting for the researchers till the 90s of the past century and the literature dealt with this issue by discussing the military, political, legal and historical sides of it.Grimstad, K. (2001) summarized the humanitarian military intervention and concluded that permitting the other nations to intervene and individually will be considered a violation for the national sovereignty principle.Almohammed, E. (2007) concluded that any humanitarian intervention that includes using the military force is a violation for the principles that were determined by the legislators who support this type of intervention, and added that any intervention of this type is launched upon political interests.Aljundi, G. (2003) concluded that there is a contradiction between the sovereignty concept and the humanitarian military intervention.Archibugi, D. (2003) talked about the historical origins of the humanitarian intervention since the emergence of the United Nations till the post cold war era, he concluded that the relationship between any intervention case and the sovereignty principle is controversial, but when the case includes severe violations for the human rights the intervention becomes a necessity, and that any intervention during the cold war era was individual, but after that the cases ere collective, and that to end any tension between the intervention and sovereignty concepts the intervention must be collective by the UN or the security council and to have an international force to intervene in any urgent case.Yaqoub, A. M. ( 2001) dealt with the international variables impact post the cold war on the sovereignty and no intervene principles, and concluding that there is no absolute sovereignty during these conditions because the sovereignty principle became a relative concept and having undetermined interpretation for the intervention concept.Shahin, A. S. (2004) defended the UN intervention legitimacy, and rejected any individual intervention case, and he concluded that there are double standards applied about this concept.Jin, W. D. (2005) investigated the historical development of humanitarian intervention since the beginning of the UN till the post cold war era, he concluded that there is a Tension Between Sovereignty and the intervention cases, but due to the increasing cases of human rights violations, intervention becomes a necessity to stop it, and what distinguished the cold war intervention cases is that it was individual, but after that it became collective.He concluded that the best way to settle the tension between Sovereignty and intervening is to have a collective or group intervention that is organized by the UN or the Security Council.

The Study Adopted the Following Methods
1) The Descriptive analytical approach that describes the international intervention phenomenon as it is and explains it.
2) The case study method so that studying it deeply will result in more accurate results for the case of international intervention in Libya.
3) The legal approach which is represented by studying the international and regional legal items represented by the united nation system articles and the Security Council Resolution, besides the Arab League resolutions also, to shed some light on the legal frameworks that the international intervention in Libya was based upon.
The Study time range covers the period between the year 2010-2012 taking into consideration that the study doesn't follow the sequence of events specifically trying to shed the light on the general characteristics of this phenomenon and the combined events like: the Arabic Spring, the evolution of the sovereignty concept, human rights and the international protection.

The International Intervention Concept and Motives
The international interventional is regarded as one of the most distinguished concepts that are discussed from the past , emerged from the evolution of the international relations from the competitive and international system and it is used for achieving the external interests for the countries , but despite it's a science this concept is still ambiguous with its relation to the interactions of the international system and the superpowers balance that is built upon internal and external factors that leads to adopt or abandon that choice.The intervention means the initiation of any country to affect the internal structure and action for other countries by using multiple levels of power (Barqouq, 1994, p. 17) this situation can be when an external political part or unit responds through intervention.This position or incentive for intervention resulted from the internal conflicts for the state which needs the intervention of a third party to change the conflict situation, because keeping open relations with internal parties is an intervention response but neutralism (keeping the same position from both parties) means non intervening response (Little, 1984, p. 81)."International intervention resolution is taken as other external affairs resolutions, based upon the available affirmatives, conditions, because the case for human resembles countries to achieve his goals and interests".Barqouq continues to say that, "intervention might be based on security motives or the ideological trend that can impact external policies, because intervening upon fake values or policies, can be a principal justification of competition for power factors, (Barqouq, 1994, pp. 27-29)".Barqouq goes to say that, "other conditions that results in international intervention what's called Political Revisionism which is related to the value distribution in the international relations, so if the incentive for that process was strong , the propensity for intervention will be stronger, (Barqouq, 1994, p. 29)".He also states that the economic factors play a major role in the international policy because it does not constitute only means for implementing resolutions and external policies, but they are factors for limiting external behavior and international interaction, and he also continues to say that some countries may intervene in another countries based upon human issues to protect the minorities, also it might happens when a civil war in any country, because of the broken society, sometimes for prestige to defend the country status and promoting it, (Barqouq, 1994, p. 29-31).While we have mentioned in the foregoing paragraph some situational or conditions that pushes toward international intervention, some conditions can be related to human reasons, security and environmental issues like stopping the use of mass destruction materials that cause mass destruction for the global climate and for the features of the earth and sea, (Rahim, 1994, p. 51).

The International Military Humanitarian Intervention
This relatively new concept can be categorized in the domain of the change s in concepts that happen in the international relations upon the new changes, so the international humanitarian military intervention is one of the most controversial concepts in politics, and there isn't any unanimous idea about.International military humanitarian intervention is defined as the threat of using power against certain state from other state or group of countries in order to stop or hinder any risky violation for basic human rights of individuals, if they were form the state s citizens that is under action and without having its permission (Holzgrefe, 2003, p. 18).Upon the past words we can define humanitarian intervention that demands using force under the title of humanity, to stop the oppression of any state for its citizens and killing them, which needs the other states to intervene to stop these actions (Yacob, 2001, p. 19).The coercive intervention in the internal affairs of any state , which means using armed force to stop that massive harm that threatens human rights or stopping it from spreading (Welsh, 2004, p. 3) despite the currency of the concept of international military humanitarian intervention it because real in the world of international relations.4.2.3The Explanation of the Political of Liberalism Realism and Marxism for the International Intervention Phenomenon.
We can't ignore the important of any theory that explains any phenomenon because of its contribution in analyzing and controlling this phenomenon upon general rules and frameworks, which leads to understanding it and what results from explaining it.
(a) Realist Theory Realist theory is regarded as one of the most important political theories in the international relations, which can explain the relationships upon power and interest concepts.This theory focuses upon the power concept, and any theory regarding international relations must be upon empirical fact and pragmatic objective that cope with reality and the robust nature of international arena, and that the major player is the souvenir state that acts upon its interests, (Morgenthanau, 1993, p. 10).Intervention according to realists believe that, the state can intervene in the other countries affairs if it believes that this act will attain its interests and stop if it blocks its interests , at this situation non-intervention is the choice for the superpowers relations with each other.(Den, 2004, p. 255).

(b) The Liberalism Theory
It had attributed the interest in their right for freedom because it regarded it as the basic access for the economic and political values so that liberal theory had criticized the sovereignty and non-intervening principle upon that it's not an absolute concept, because its vitality is represented by protecting people from dictatorship and from intervention in the internal affairs because the state is responsible about protecting its citizens rights , and from their rights it has its sovereignty, because this theory believes that any good values must be upon the sovereignty principle in certain conditions as soon as justice for all are provided by the state and its more important them the regime or its formal stability so intervention can't be crucial unless it's used for stopping chaos in a world full of killing and internal fighting and threatens the surroundings to protect the international and regional security too, (Hoffman, 1994, p. 15).

(c) Marxist Theory
The Marxist theory focuses the economic social factor as a basic condition for attaining objectives and interests that aren't explained by the political strategic factor (Haddad, 2000, p. 170), so Marxism believes that intervening in the other countries affairs under the issue of protecting human right is a violation for the country's or states sovereignty (Boker, 1990, p. 341).The intervention whether it's individually or collectively represents the strong party domination against the weak, so the intervention of the capitalist countries in the south countries affairs is for saving those capitalist countries affairs only , upon that the Marxist theory rejects that kind of intervening and regards it as a decolonization for countries that are characterized by internal conflicts between minorities, which provide the necessary conditions for justifying this kind of intervention (Hoffman, 1994, p. 14)

Sovereignty
Sovereignty concept is based upon the fact that the state owns the right for domination of its territories and citizens living in this region and that it's independent from any external domination, free will and recognized by other states.Sovereignty means controlling the territory (Anghie, 2004, p. 57).Also it's defined as the practice of the state for its vital rules on clearly defined boarders land , and that there is a supreme authority by a political society controlling local issues including self governance and non-intervention (by other states ).The other states recognition and non-intervention in its internal affairs legitimizes its authority as a vital factor for recognizing its real and official sovereignty , and that recognizing this sovereignty means that there is a political society recognized by international society (Zaum, 2007, p. 3).

International Protection for Human Rights
Human rights mean those rights that must be practiced or lived by the individual in its society , and that these rights are globally regarded, they are practiced by every person -as a human -without any discrimination and its safeguarded by legal obligation only, (Abdelghaffar, 2003, p. 13).Those rights are non-fragmented or touched, distinguishing humans as humans, attaining dignity and legally committed to nationally and globally (Lien, 1947, p. 2).The United Nations charter had spotted human rights based upon regarding them not only as one of the Organization objectives but also as a commitment to be applied by all the member countries so that it's an international legal commitment (Abdelghaffar, 2003, p. 19).Human rights are related also to the political status, so if the political interests considerations overcome the human considerations the superpower will abandon these rights by third world countries as long as their interests are protected and it will do everything to safeguard it.(Haqqi, 2004).Also he added due to the changes in political trends for the security council, human intervention became a must, and this is reflected by several resolution taken in different human right cases, so the security council resolution 749 in 1992 related to the Somali case and Liberia were like that, so the issue of sending "un" troops for intervention in the countries affairs -on a human basis -became common and accepted by the international society (Haqqi, 2004, p. 396).

The New Implications for Sovereignty Concept and Human Rights in the Light of the International Variables
The concept of sovereignty had developed during the last years by having many new implications like globalization and mutual dependence, the specific humanitarian intervention, the global economic condition, human rights, the just legal condition … etc.The concept of sovereignty had meant for the international system suffer from a kind of political delinquency because of broadening and narrowing and adjusting it according to the international state conforming powers balance and its changes.So this concept isn't related to the states power and ability to protect its territories and was related to the great states intentions.The end of the cold war and the emerging of some variables in the international system like the international issues , the democratic changes , violating human rights, Ethnic and racial conflicts, environmental problems, terrorism, immigration, weapons trafficking, drugs, organized crimes, epidemic diseases … etc., That crossed the boarders of individual states -Due to globalization -which created new several tasks and jobs, which were considered part of the state tasks which resulted the deceasing of important part of its sovereignty for facing the current challenges at the international level.
There are multiple challenges that creates a condition that leads to violate the sovereignty principle like: the new technologies, cultural trends, regional integration, the mobility, the economic growth….etc., besides the transformational challenges which resulted in challenging places like: global cities, international courts, transformational global financial networks between governments, civil transitory activists with global coping establishments resist the state sovereignty, (Mostov, 2008, p. 34-35), which led to the decreasing of the traditional sovereignty too.Also there is a widespread acceptance for the idea of the international society's intervention when the sovereign governments become unable or not interested in protecting its citizens from any type of disaster despite being its major responsibility , at this case the international society will play the role using many means like embargo, facing violence and rebuilding the torn societies, the international society through united nations -bears the responsibility of committing for the use of diplomatic and humanitarian means and others of peaceful means according to the 6th and 8th chapters of the UN chapter , to help protecting societies from mass killing, war crimes, genocides and crimes against humanity (Fahmi, 2008).

The Arab Spring and Its Impact on the Arab Region
The Arab spring is those dramatic political and historical changes witnessed by the Arab region starting in Tunisia then Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria at the beginning of 2011.(The Publications Department, 2012, p. 4).The Arab spring that started in Tunisia when some poor citizen -named Bo Azzizi -let his body for fire as a way of protesting against tyranny and the bad living conditions, this event was the spark that pushed the whole Tunisian Society Revolution against the regime, then its spread for other Arab countries like Egypt, Libya, Yemen and Syria in different levels, this spring was the way to end the era of tyranny and oppression and dictatorship towards freedom, dignity.The youth -representing more than the third of the Arab world population-suffer from ignorance and discrimination the condition that led to their outrage from their condition by using the revolutions against a group of people related to the regime and controlling the wealth and marginalizing the other society sector specially in the recent years , the era of free zones and trade, the decreasing economic role played by the state , besides, and the Arab region suffer of tyranny, oppression, loss of freedom human rights violations, and monopolizing power in the hand of a party or the ruling family pushed towards demonstrations and protest of different types, social or political , while some of it was ethnic or religious.All of these revolutionary powers demanded more political freedom and democracy besides social justice (Shehadeh & Wahid, 2011).
In spite of this we can't deny the major and rapid changes that spread all over the world represented by the revolution in information and communication technology, with its enormous impact on the Arab spring events, because the communication technology has facilitated the peoples revolution launch or start revolution in another part of the country or region that is full of anger outrage first, and that the Arab citizen became aware of what's happening around him and believed that this could happen to him later the last recent years had witnessed an enormous revolution in the technologies and innovations used in expression and social communication like websites and the social networks (like face book and twitter), so the cyber space became an area for dialogue, and device of change and protest (Publishing Department, 2012, p. 5).

The Libyan Revolution and the International Intervention
The Libyan revolution emerged through the Arab spring which started in Tunisia and passed through several Arab countries and hasn't stopped until now.Historically speaking, the Libyan revolution started with a call for protests by the internet, so the Facebook site was used for this event, when some immigrant opponent Libyans launched a website (called the 17 th of February revolution, the day of anger in Libya) the statement that was loaded on this website expressed the need for demonstrating and expressing the oppression and corrupt conditions of the country besides many demands as follows: a abandoning the regime, freedom and dignity, founding a state of constitution, and bringing the corrupt criminals who killed many of the Libyan citizens into court of the law, (Aqel, 2011).The Libyan revolution moved to another stage when the military clashes started, because every party has clear objectives so the revolts wanted to end that regime while the regime wanted to annihilate that revolution from the start.So that revolutionary experiment was different, because it depended from the beginning on the military victory and not the political.What surpassing here is that Gaddafi regime, despite his bad popularity used the militias and the mercenaries to defend his regime with many lost and winning battles, so the Libyan cities were conquered by the Libyan revolts one after the another, specially the Libyan east, despite their limited military facilities, after that the Gaddafi regained the battle and the revolts were defeated, this was the reason for constructing the decisive western stand which was reluctant in the beginning, so the government of the USA besides some European countries realized that there must be something done to stop the Gaddafi or even annihilating him (Ahmad, 2011).
So the international society -represented by the western support for the revolution -enabled the Libyan opposition to regain some cities like Benghazi and all the eastern cities later, so the resistance continued and at last came the victory.Despite the fierce and the enormous destructive weapons for the Gaddafi troops which were enough to start a war against innocent citizens who must be protected (Alter, 2012, p. 45).The Libyan crisis witnessed a specific change during the last week of 2011 August represented by the surprising and quick deterioration of the regime troops and entering Tripoli -the capital -in the 20 th of August after seven months of war battles -since the beginning of the revolution in the 17 th of February -when the Gaddafi tried to stand still against NATO air strikes that aimed for protecting the Libyan civilians and supporting the revolts in the east (Ahmad, 2011).

The International Military Humanitarian Intervention in Libya and Its Impact on Its Sovereignty
Human rights protection became a global Issue that is not limited to a region or a political trend, the condition which made a room for this principle by the states and organizations without considering it as an interfere in the states affairs, especially if we knew that this era witnessed what's known as the third generation of human right, which includes international peace and security right, the development right and the right for clean environment.What distinguishes these rights is that they are right protected by the international society.The International intervention has limited the sovereignty of the Libyan state in many sides that can be summarized in the following: (a) The No-Fly Zone The UN Security Council Resolutions 1970 and1973 dated the 17 th of in 2011 regarding the case of Libya (it included transferring the Libyan frozen situation to the International court "banning weapons and traveling, freezing the Libyan assets in the Western Countries, and making a no-fly zone in the Libyan sky) to protect civilians from the bombing of the Gaddafi Allies, besides the Arab League resolution 7298 dated 12/3/2011 about transferring the Libyan Issue for the security council to resume his responsibilities regarding the deterioration of the conditions in Libyan, and doing all what to be done like the "no-fly" zone to stop the Libyan army air strikes and making peaceful zones (UN organization, 2011).After the resolution of the Security Council 1973 was Issued, many Arab and West Countries rallied to build a coalition to implement that resolution taken by the UN council, so these countries arrange an operation called the odyssey Dawn on the 19 th of march, 2011, (Aqel, 2011).The "no-fly" zone aimed for banning the flight of the Libyan aircrafts and destroying its air defenses, cutting army connection between Gaddafi troops and stopping its movements, this embargo started with some air strikes that targeted the troops in Bani Ghazi.After hours of the air raids that destroyed between 15-20 tanks, the United States declared the success of the air raids which resulted in deep and quick withdrawal of the troops to Bani Ghazi city to the west (Aljazeera News, 2011).Practically, the international collective intervention in Libyan was both regionally and internationally was within distinguished scales.It was less severe than the Intervention in Iraq or Afghanistan because it was planned with no troops occupying the land, so it had a limited impact on the states sovereignty, compared to the Iraqi case that included the direct invasion for the country by the U. S government and its Allies.

(b) The Confederation Experience of Libya
After abandoning the Gaddafi regime, there was invitation for confederation for Libya, so many political Icons had expressed Burqa as a confedral region in the 6 th of March in 2012 with boarders from Bani Jawwad city until Imsaaid -the Libyan -Egyptian boarders and had its council, one of the relatives of king Sanousi was chosen as a chairman for the higher council of the region, and they a adopted the Independence constitution of 1951 with some amend meets which divides the country for 3 regions: Burqa, Fezzan and Tripoli.Burqa region is very critical for the Libyan state because 80% of oil and gazreserves besides its vast area that Libyan coasts which represents (60%) from this region.It also consists of five ports for exporting oil with 3 out of five oil refineries are there (Algeria Broadcasting) The Issue of considering Burqa as a federal region was supported by the federal lobby that consists of Libyan Front and tribal leaders who explained the reasons for adopting this idea one of its demands the call for confederation and choosing the Prime Minister -Abdel Rahim Alkib -as a leader for government of the west area, after employing more than 80% of the ambassadors from areas like Misrata, Zentan and Tripoli while ignoring Burqa region and choosing the army commander without consulting Burqa leaders, besides choosing 120 member out of 200 member from the west area which is the opposite of the condition that was adopted in the reign of king Sanousi which included choosing (20) member from every area (Hamid, 2012).Till the 7 th of July, 2012, which was chosen as the Date for making election in Libya, the federal system proponents assured the federal principle.(Aldustoor Jordanian local newspaper, 2012) Which will weaken the central government if it was adopted, and be a start for the country division, according to many observers of the Libyan scene.

(c) Weapons Spreading
The war was ended by the fall of Gaddafi regime, but the clashes didn't end and are still continuing between the militias in different cities, and the random spreading of guns that all over the country which poses a threat for the country and its neighbors.A group of revolts who participated in the revolution had rejected submitting their weapons; even some of them broke into some governmental buildings in some cities like Troboli the capital, protesting for no approving their demands (Tshen, 2012).The clashes between the Libyan revolts due to several reasons such as the tribal structure of the country, old tribal clashes, revenge or conflicts for land or power or authority after the revolution, Besides, the far distance among regions geographical ruled by some clans historically, setting disputes and liquidation of families or leaders that supported the Gaddafi regime besides the weapons provided helps to create hostile feelings among revolts, (Abdullah, 2012).Choosing the military action for ending the Libyan revolution and its hard conditions resulted in many military councils stand as an obstacle against democratic reform.Because the number of these councils is not clear and some of experts evaluate them from one 100 to 300, because ever city has its board or council, and there is no clear survey about the number of spread of guns and weapons in Libya, but some surveys estimate that the armed persons are between 125-200 thousand one, and there is no central authority that controls these boards or council but everyone has its system and laws and that condition was supported by the decentralization that spread after the revolution (Abdelhamid, 2012).
As a result of the widespread of guns in Libya, this was an indicator for the weak performance of Libyan government regarding the disarmament; this process weakened the efforts and the performance of the government and spreading its power on the Libya n territories.

(d) The Economic Dependency
The economic factor had a major role in the international interventions in Libya, the oil and the foreign companies investing in it, besides the efforts for rebuilding Libya after defeating Gaddafi.Oil plays crucial role in deciding what is the status of Libya in the international powers stratiges, because these superpowers polices were always relate to the Libyan gas and oil; this was supported by the petrol revolution in the 7os of the twentieth century, also this was reflected by bony tries to punish Gaddafi sometimes and supporting (containing) him in some others to qualified him to be a partner to make bargains with him.Nobody can deny the impact of Libyan petrol on the international attitudes, (alsorani, 2012, p. 15).
From the most important factors for rebuilding efforts', those efforts for rehabilitating the oil sector seems not affected by the Libyan war, so that it can re-support the government by the revenues it can create, which is the opposite of Egypt and Tunisia depends on service sector, that mainly includes tourism industry which is more affected by non-settlement.And then the figures issued by" Libya friends "meeting that was held in Paris in the beginning of September /2011/for helping Libya it was exaggerated to get its share from the oil/the meeting estimated the rebuild cost to be 500 billion dollars, 250 billion of it was for rehabilitating the oil sector during the next 10 years and to rise its daily production from 1.6 million to 2 million barrels every.
Libya also needs rebuilding its health and education sectors, communication and transportation, ports and bank facilities besides its army and police.The Libyan government won't be able to afford the half trillion dollars so the solution for that problem will be by opening its doors foreign investors to pump the ($ 250 billion), specially with the fierce competition of American and European companies around Libya (Ra'fat, 2012).
The other enormous challenge which is more critical than the other problems is the NATO's future role, which will have a role not by its troops occupying the land but its political and economic domination over Libya.So what was destructed by Nato must be rebuilt with an enormous cost, so the Libyan oil will be regained for tens of years and that will be as a compensation for the humanitarian Intervention and protecting its vital interests, so the oil will be provided for the Nato members like the U.S, Britain and France too (Alsorani, 2012, p. 54).The world has, no doubt, responded for several reasons by Intervening in Libya, so the human, economic sides were in the first rank but there are material costs for the Intervention that resulted in the Libyan state depending on the western countries that ended the crisis and made the country open for foreign companies.

By Way of Conclusion
The legitimized international force was the most suitable mean for finish international and regional conflicts by the interactive -polarized -frame for the international system , this doesn't negate the competitive trend nature of the international and regional system that adopts any understandings or settlements despite it's the balanced interests structure of it .The following conclusion was reached: 1) Regarding the International frame, the collective intervention is considered the most notified characteristic of the current international system.And the internal motives for any country may push towards intervention in another country affair, with the guaranteed response of internal factors to make the required change, which help the process of intervention through the existence of the internal non-harmony in the country which other powers intervene in.
2) At the legitimacy scale, the intervention was legitimized upon the humanistic needs and protecting Libyan citizens who were opposing the current regime and interacted with the revolution.The United Nations also is a constitutional organization expressing the power of the countries which are its members, and they had made that intervention legitimate by international Security Council resolutions.Regionally, there were some major Arab countries pushing towards this intervention and giving it the legitimate nature.any country if it humiliates and oppresses its people, and that due to the changes witnessed post the cold war there were many theories and practical principles that cope with keeping international peace and security and the self-determination for any people and protecting their human rights.4) Regarding the Impact, the international intervention in Libya didn't affect the Libyan sovereignty completely and directly as a nation and government with recognized boarders because it wasn't occupied and has its transform national government, and the voices calling for independence or autonomy of the country or hindering its independence weren't impressive, and that has not led to the division of the country.5) Regarding the relative sovereignty, this intervention has formed a relative violation for the Libyan state temporarily and more accepted and less impact on the national sovereignty due to the crystallization and development of the international responsibility in the light of protecting the civilians in the 1990 after the soviet union collapsing and the emergence of the responsibility concept regarding sovereignty.
6) The broadness in the legal and political interpretations that regarded any organized and planned oppression against people is a critical reason for the acceptance of intervention for protecting civilians, because in the case of none intervening leads to threatening the international peace and security according to most of its supporters.
7) Speaking about the motives and justifications, they reveal that the interest frame of the intervening countries in Libya, through the multiple domains that are related to this situation, with the economic being the most important and the oil reserves, besides the rebuilding efforts that will be done by global companies, besides the regional dominance issue considered one of the most important justification in intervening.8) Practically, this experience of direct military intervention and having troops like that in Iraq and Afghanistan with the huge human and material losses for these troops was a motive towards not repeating the case with Libya, in order not interpret the intervention as a military occupation.