Ultra-Conductive Magnesium

The improvement of the electrical conductivity of usual metals is limited by the purity of the metal and the ability to grow single crystal structures. Also, it was observed that the AC conductivity of the metal increases when the frequency of the electrical current applied on the conductor increases. Here, we show that the pure Magnesium metal can exhibit an ultrahigh electrical conductivity when it is subjected to 360K temperature, and an electrical current with frequency of the order of 1GHz.


Introduction
There is a search for conductors with ultrahigh electrical conductivity because they can lead to higher efficiency and less energy consumption in a wide range of applications.
By embedding graphene in metals (Cu, Al, and Ag), it was recently obtained a maximum electrical conductivity three orders of magnitude higher than the highest on record (more than 3,000 times higher than that of Cu, i.e., 11 10 / S m ≅ ) is obtained in such embedded graphene (Cao et al., 2019). The improvement of the electrical conductivity of usual conductors is basically limited by the purity of the metal. However, experimental studies show that the AC conductivity of some metals increase when the frequency of the electrical current applied on the metal increases (Kurien, Sebastian, Mathew, & George, 2004). It is here shown that the pure Magnesium metal can exhibit an ultrahigh electrical conductivity when subjected to 360K (87°C) temperature, and an electrical current with frequency of the order of 1GHz. Why prioritize the Magnesium? First because, is relatively easy to obtain Magnesium highly pure (99.999%). Second because, ultra-conductive Magnesium can be fundamental for the building of several novel devices, such as Gravitational Motors, Gravitational Thruster of Fluids, production of Microgravity environments, and a Cooling and Heating Gravitational System (De Aquino, 2021).

Theory
The AC electric conductivity is the electric conductivity originated from a potential dependent of time (For example, when AC current is applied on a conductor). The DC electric conductivity does not depend on the time; this conductivity is the well-known electrical conductivity that arises when a DC source is applied on the conductor. Thus, total electrical conductivity of a conductor is given by Kurien et al. (2014).
where 0 σ is the part of the total conductivity which value is frequency-independent and temperature-dependent, it which arises from the drift mobility of electric charge carriers. So 0 σ is actually DC electrical conductivity; σ is the part of the total conductivity which value is the frequency -and temperature -dependent, and is correlated to dielectric relaxation produced by localized electric charge carriers; usually AC σ is expressed by where * σ and s are composition -and temperature-dependent parameters; 0 s 1 < < (Kurien et al., 2014).
Therefore, the total electrical conductivity of a conductor is directly proportional to the frequency f of the electrical current applied on the conductor (Smit & Wijn, 1959).
In the particular case of s s Experimental studies have revealed that below 10 GHz the frequency as well as the temperature effect is negligible (Kurien et al., 2014) (this point to a value of the order of 10 GHz for critical frequency c f at room temperature). At higher temperature, however, there is an increasing contribution resulting from ion mobility and crystal imperfection mobility. Also, at a higher temperature, conductivity effect becomes dominant. As the temperature increases, AC electrical conductivity increase due to increase in the drift mobility of thermally It is well-known that * σ is temperature -dependent, and that it increases much more with the increase of the temperature than DC σ (Kurien et al., 2014). Then, assuming that where ( ) As we have seen, c f 10GHz ≅ at room temperature ( ) T 25 C =°. Then assuming that C T 87 C ≅°, we obtain from Eq. (11):

Conclusion
Only experimental studies can determine with precision the value of c f at 360K. Thus, in conclusion, we suggest that experiments be carried out in order to verify the theoretical results here obtained.